爱德华·萨丕尔

爱德华·萨丕尔（德语：Edward Sapir，/səˈpɪər/，1884年1月26日—1939年2月4日），又译沙皮尔、萨丕尔，生于普鲁士王国伦堡（今属波兰），美国人类学家和语言学家。

爱德华·萨丕尔 Edward Sapir
出生	(1884-01-26)1884年1月26日 普鲁士王国伦堡（今属波兰）
逝世	1939年2月4日(1939岁—02—04)（55岁） 美国康乃狄克州纽黑文市
民族	犹太人
公民权	美国
母校	哥伦比亚大学
知名于	美洲原住民语言的分类 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说 人类语言学
科学生涯
研究领域	语言学、人类学
机构	芝加哥大学 加拿大文明博物馆 哥伦比亚大学 耶鲁大学
论文	The Takelma language of southwestern Oregon（1909）
博士导师	法兰兹·鲍亚士
博士生	玛莉·哈斯 李方桂 莫里斯·斯瓦迪士 哈利·霍耶

生平

萨丕尔在德国出生。他1904年从哥伦比亚大学毕业。毕业以后两年，他参与了Wishram和Takelma语言的实地研究。萨丕尔在哥伦比亚的时候认识了他的恩师法兰兹·鲍亚士。

他专门研究美洲原住民语言。曽指纳-德内语系与汉藏语系同源。

萨丕尔曾在芝加哥大学和耶鲁大学任教，于1931年直至去世，他担任耶鲁大学人类学系的主席。他是首先考虑语言学与人类学之间的关系的语言学家之一。他的学生包括本杰明·李·沃夫、玛莉·哈斯、查尔斯·F·霍克特、哈利·霍耶和李方桂。

他于1939年因心脏病而逝世，享年54岁。

萨丕尔部分著作

书籍

• Sapir, Edward. Herder's "Ursprung der Sprache". Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1907. ASIN: B0006CWB2W. 
• Sapir, Edward. On the etymology of Sanskrit asru, Avestan asru, Greek dakru. Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji (编). Spiegel memorial volume. Papers on Iranian subjects written by various scholars in honour of the late Dr. Frederic Spiegel. Bombay: British India Press. 1908: 156–159. 
• Sapir, Edward; Curtin, Jeremiah. Wishram texts, together with Wasco tales and myths. E.J. Brill. 1909. ISBN 0-404-58152-8. ASIN: B000855RIW. 
• Sapir, Edward. Yana Texts. Berkeley University Press. 1910. ISBN 1-177-11286-8. 
• Sapir, Edward. A sketch of the social organization of the Nass River Indians. Ottawa: Government Printing Office. 1915. 
• Sapir, Edward. Noun reduplication in Comox, a Salish language of Vancouver island. Ottawa: Government Printing Office. 1915. 
• Sapir, Edward. Time Perspective in Aboriginal American Culture, A Study in Method. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau. 1916. 
• Sapir, Edward. Dreams and Gibes. Boston: The Gorham Press. 1917. ISBN 0-548-56941-X. 
• Sapir, Edward. Language: An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1921 [2016-10-10]. ISBN 4-87187-529-6. ASIN: B000NGWX8I. （原始内容存档于2009-09-24）. 
• Sapir, Edward; Swadesh, Morris. Nootka Texts: Tales and ethnological narratives, with grammatical notes and lexical materials. Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America. 1939. ISBN 0-404-11893-3. ASIN: B000EB54JC. 
• Sapir, Edward. Mandelbaum, David , 编. Selected writings in language, culture and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1949. ISBN 0-520-01115-5. ASIN: B000PX25CS. 
• Sapir, Edward; Irvine, Judith. The psychology of culture: A course of lectures. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 2002. ISBN 978-3-11-017282-9. 

论文或文章

• Sapir, Edward. Preliminary report on the language and mythology of the Upper Chinook. American Anthropologist. 1907, 9: 533–544. doi:10.1525/aa.1907.9.3.02a00100. 
• Sapir, Edward. Some fundamental characteristics of the Ute language. Science. 1910, 31 (31): 350–352. doi:10.1126/science.31.792.350. 
• Sapir, Edward. Some aspects of Nootka language and culture. American Anthropologist. 1911, 13: 15–28. doi:10.1525/aa.1911.13.1.02a00030. 
• Sapir, Edward. The problem of noun incorporation in American languages. American Anthropologist. 1911, 13: 250–282. doi:10.1525/aa.1911.13.2.02a00060. 
• Sapir, E. Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan. Journal de la Société des Américanistes. 1913, 10 (2): 379–425. doi:10.3406/jsa.1913.2866. 
• Sapir, Edward. The Na-dene languages: a preliminary report. American Anthropologist. 1915, 17: 765–773. doi:10.1525/aa.1915.17.3.02a00080. 
• Sapir, Edward. Do we need a superorganic?. American Anthropologist. 1917, 19: 441–447. doi:10.1525/aa.1917.19.3.02a00150. 
• Sapir, Edward. The grammarian and his language. The American Mercury. 1924, (1): 149–155. 
• Sapir, Edward. Culture, Genuine and Spurious. The American Journal of Sociology. 1924, 29 (4): 401–429. doi:10.1086/213616. 
• Sapir, Edward. Memorandum on the problem of an international auxiliary language. The Romanic Review. 1925, (16): 244–256. 
• Sapir, Edward. Sound patterns in language. Language. 1925, (1): 37–51. doi:10.2307/409004. 
• Sapir, Edward. The function of an international auxiliary language. Romanic Review. 1931, (11): 4–15. （原始内容存档于2009-10-28）. 
• Sapir, Edward. Internal linguistic evidence suggestive of the Northern origin of the Navaho. American Anthropologist. 1936, 38: 224–235. doi:10.1525/aa.1936.38.2.02a00040. 
• Sapir, Edward. Grading: a study in semantics. Philosophy of Science. 1944, (11): 93–116. doi:10.1086/286828. 
• Sapir, Edward. The relation of American Indian linguistics to general linguistics. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology. 1947, (1): 1–4. 

自传型著作

• Koerner, E. F. K.; Koerner, Konrad. Edward Sapir: Appraisals of his life and work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1985. ISBN 978-90-272-4518-2. 
• Cowan, William; Foster, Michael K.; Koerner, Konrad. New perspectives in language, culture, and personality: Proceedings of the Edward Sapir Centenary Conference (Ottawa, 1–3 October 1984). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1986. ISBN 90-272-4522-3. 
• Darnell, Regna. Edward Sapir: linguist, anthropologist, humanist. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-520-06678-6. 
• Sapir, Edward; Bright, William. Southern Paiute and Ute: linguistics and ethnography. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1992. ISBN 978-3-11-013543-5. 
• Sapir, Edward; Darnell, Regna; Irvine, Judith T.; Handler, Richard. The collected works of Edward Sapir: culture. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 1999. ISBN 978-3-11-012639-6. 

通信著作

• Sapir, Edward; Kroeber, Alfred L.; Golla (ed.), Victor. The Sapir–Kroeber correspondence: Letters between Edward Sapir and A.L. Kroeber 1905–1925 (PDF). Reports from the Survey of California and other Indian languages. 1984, 6: 1–509 [2016-10-10]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03）. 

相关条目

• 萨丕尔-沃夫假说
• 逻辑语

外部链接

• National Academy of Sciences biography （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Robert Throop and Lloyd Gordon Ward: Mead Project 2.0 at spartan.ac.brocku.ca
• Interlingua: Communication Sin Frontiera. Biographia, Edward Sapir （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Edward Sapir的作品 - 古腾堡计划
• 互联网档案馆中爱德华·萨丕尔的作品或与之相关的作品