梭子蟹总科

梭子蟹总科(学名Portunoidea),是短尾次目螃蟹)的其中一个总科级的分类阶元,其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2],皆为海洋生物[3]。其他文献尚有其他科保留在本总科,但在分子系统发生学分析之后,有可能对现时这些在分类上的争议有变更[1]

梭子蟹总科
远海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲壳亚门 Crustacea
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
派: 真短尾派 Eubrachyura
亚派: 异孔亚派 Heterotremata
总科: 梭子蟹总科 Portunoidea
Rafinesque, 1815
[1]

七个有现生种的科及四个只有化石种的科:详见内文

描述

本总科的成员具有扁平及光滑的头胸甲英语carapace,而且壳的横向比纵向宽,呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形,又或鹅卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]

In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The cheliped英语chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod英语pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls英语Dactylus. The sutures英语Suture (anatomy) of the sternum英语sternum (arthropod) between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]

雄蟹的体节若不是全自由活动的话,就是其第三节到第五节已融合在一起,但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod英语gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]

分类

梭子蟹总科与扇蟹总科[4],过往被划归扇蟹总科的六足蟹科Mathildellidae英语Mathildellidae,在某些分类会划归梭子蟹总科;而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都会划归梭子蟹总科,但亦有分类把它放在扇蟹总科之下。所有梭子蟹总科的物种均在海洋生活,除了现时已独立成单独总科的毛子蟹科(Trichodactylidae)有部份是在淡水生活。

现时分类

According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology英语Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2012-12-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-06) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2007-09-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-05-25) (英语). 
  3. ^ Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815. WoRMS. 2005-05-02 [2019-08-22]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hiroaki Karasawa & Carrie E. Schweitzer. A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology英语Contributions to Zoology. 2006, 75 (1/2): 23–73 [2012-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 

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