水塔花属
凤梨科的一属植物
水塔花属（学名：Billbergia）是凤梨科下的一个属，为无茎草本植物。该属共有约60种，分布于热带美洲。[1] 水塔花属植物需要充足的阳光，但过强的阳光会造成叶色变黄，甚至造成日晒病，所以阳光太强时需要遮荫。生长适温大约摄氏20到28度，超过30度会使开花减少。冬天进入休眠期后，温度低于10至15度时会造成花期后延，高于20度也会影响来年生长。
水塔花属
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|---|---|
| |
| Billbergia | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 演化支： | 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids |
| 目： | 禾本目 Poales |
| 科： | 凤梨科 Bromeliaceae |
| 亚科： | 凤梨亚科 Bromelioideae |
| 属： | 水塔花属 Billbergia |
下属物种
本属包括以下物种：
- Billbergia acreana H. Luther - Acre
- Billbergia alfonsi-joannis Reitz - from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina
- Billbergia amandae W.Weber - 巴西，可能已灭绝
- Billbergia ambigua (L.B.Sm. & Read) Betancur & N.R.Salinas - Antioquia
- Billbergia amoena (Loddiges) Lindley - Brazil
- Billbergia brachysiphon L.B. Smith - Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
- Billbergia bradeana L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
- 巴西水塔花 Billbergia brasiliensis L.B. Smith - Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia buchholtzii Mez - Brazil, but probably extinct
- Billbergia cardenasii L.B. Smith - 玻利维亚
- Billbergia castelensis E. Pereira - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia chlorantha L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia × claudioi Leme - 巴西
- Billbergia cylindrostachya Mez - Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia dasilvae Leme - Rondônia
- Billbergia decora Poeppig & Endlicher - Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
- Billbergia distachya (Vellozo) Mez - southern Brazil
- Billbergia domingosmartinsis E.Gross - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia elegans Martius ex Schultes f. - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia eloiseae L.B. Smith & R.W. Read - Colombia
- Billbergia euphemiae E. Morren - southeastern Brazil
- 台湾水塔花 Billbergia formosa Ule - Peru
- Billbergia horrida Regel - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia incarnata (Ruiz & Pavón) Schultes f. - Peru
- Billbergia iridifolia (Nees & Martius) Lindley - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia issingiana T. Krömer & E. Gross - 玻利维亚
- Billbergia jandebrabanderi R. Vásquez & Ibisch - Bolivia
- Billbergia kautskyana E. Pereira - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia kuhlmannii L.B. Smith - Brazil, Bolivia
- Billbergia laxiflora L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia leptopoda L.B. Smith - Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia lietzei E. Morren - Espírito Santo
- Billbergia lymanii E. Pereira & Leme - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia macracantha E. Pereira - Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia macrocalyx Hooker - Bahia, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia macrolepis L.B. Smith - Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, 委内瑞拉, Guyana
- Billbergia magnifica Mez - Brazil, Paraguay
- Billbergia manarae Steyermark - 委内瑞拉
- Billbergia meyeri Mez - Brazil, Bolivia
- Billbergia microlepis L.B. Smith - Bolivia
- Billbergia minarum L.B. Smith - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia morelii Brongniart - 巴西东部
- Billbergia nana E. Pereira - Bahia, Espírito Santo
- 垂花水塔花 Billbergia nutans H. Wendland ex Regel：见于巴西、阿根廷、乌拉圭及巴拉圭。
- Billbergia oxysepala Mez - Acre, Ecuador
- Billbergia pallidiflora Liebmann - Mexico and Central America from Sinaloa to Nicaragua
- Billbergia pohliana Mez - Minas Gerais
- Billbergia porteana Brongniart ex Beer - Brazil, Paraguay
- 红笔凤梨 Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindley：巴西、委内瑞拉、法属圭亚那、小安的列斯群岛及古巴；亦已在毛里求斯归化。
红笔凤梨 - Billbergia reichardtii Wawra - Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais
- Billbergia robert-readii E. Gross & Rauh - Peru
- Billbergia rosea hortus ex Beer - Trinidad, Venezuela
- Billbergia rubicunda Mez - Suriname
- Billbergia rupestris L.B. Smith - Colombia, Acre
- Billbergia sanderiana E. Morren - southeastern Brazil
- Billbergia seidelii L.B. Smith & Reitz - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
- Billbergia stenopetala Harms - Ecuador, 秘鲁
- Billbergia tessmannii Harms - 秘鲁
- Billbergia tweedieana Baker - 巴西东南部
- Billbergia velascana M. Cardenas - 玻利维亚
- Billbergia violacea Beer - Guianas, Brazil
- 绿花水塔花 Billbergia viridiflora H. Wendland - Belize, Guatemala, Tabasco
- 条纹水塔花 Billbergia vittata Brongniart：见于巴西东部
- Billbergia zebrina (Herbert) Lindley - Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay
参考文献
- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.