碲的同位素
碲（原子量：127.60(3)）有39种同位素与17种同核异构体，原子量介于104至142。其中，有八种同位素（120Te、122Te、123Te、124Te、125Te、126Te、128Te、130Te）存在于自然界。128Te和130Te有放射性，但半衰期都极长，分别为2.25×1024年和7.91×1020年。[3]碲最长寿的人造同位素则是半衰期19.31天的121Te，但诸如121mTe（半衰期164.7天）的同核异构体有更长的半衰期。
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| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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放射性同位素128Te和130Te是碲最常见的两种同位素。碲与铟、铼一样都是放射性同位素的丰度比稳定同位素的丰度大的例子。
有团队报告称已发现123Te的电子捕获，但他们之后的测量结果否认了这点。[4]123Te的半衰期至少为9.2×1016年。[4]
图表
| 符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量（u） [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3] |
衰变 方式[5] |
衰变 产物 [n 4] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 （莫耳分率）[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激发能量[n 2] | |||||||||
| 104Te[6] | 52 | 52 | <18 ns | α | 100Sn | 0+ | |||
| 105Te | 52 | 53 | 104.94364(54)# | 620(70) ns | α | 101Sn | 5/2+# | ||
| 106Te | 52 | 54 | 105.93750(14) | 70(20) µs [70(+20-10) µs] |
α | 102Sn | 0+ | ||
| 107Te | 52 | 55 | 106.93501(32)# | 3.1(1) ms | α (70%) | 103Sn | 5/2+# | ||
| β+ (30%) | 107Sb | ||||||||
| 108Te | 52 | 56 | 107.92944(11) | 2.1(1) s | β+ (51%) | 108Sb | 0+ | ||
| α (49%) | 104Sn | ||||||||
| β+, p (2.4%) | 107Sn | ||||||||
| β+, α (.065%) | 104In | ||||||||
| 109Te | 52 | 57 | 108.92742(7) | 4.6(3) s | β+ (86.99%) | 109Sb | (5/2+) | ||
| β+, p (9.4%) | 108Sn | ||||||||
| α (7.9%) | 105Sn | ||||||||
| β+, α (.005%) | 105In | ||||||||
| 110Te | 52 | 58 | 109.92241(6) | 18.6(8) s | β+ (99.99%) | 110Sb | 0+ | ||
| β+, p (.003%) | 109Sn | ||||||||
| 111Te | 52 | 59 | 110.92111(8) | 19.3(4) s | β+ | 111Sb | (5/2)+# | ||
| β+, p （不常见） | 110Sn | ||||||||
| 112Te | 52 | 60 | 111.91701(18) | 2.0(2) min | β+ | 112Sb | 0+ | ||
| 113Te | 52 | 61 | 112.91589(3) | 1.7(2) min | β+ | 113Sb | (7/2+) | ||
| 114Te | 52 | 62 | 113.91209(3) | 15.2(7) min | β+ | 114Sb | 0+ | ||
| 115Te | 52 | 63 | 114.91190(3) | 5.8(2) min | β+ | 115Sb | 7/2+ | ||
| 115m1Te | 10(7) keV | 6.7(4) min | β+ | 115Sb | (1/2)+ | ||||
| IT | 115Te | ||||||||
| 115m2Te | 280.05(20) keV | 7.5(2) µs | 11/2- | ||||||
| 116Te | 52 | 64 | 115.90846(3) | 2.49(4) h | β+ | 116Sb | 0+ | ||
| 117Te | 52 | 65 | 116.908645(14) | 62(2) min | β+ | 117Sb | 1/2+ | ||
| 117mTe | 296.1(5) keV | 103(3) ms | IT | 117Te | (11/2-) | ||||
| 118Te | 52 | 66 | 117.905828(16) | 6.00(2) d | ε | 118Sb | 0+ | ||
| 119Te | 52 | 67 | 118.906404(9) | 16.05(5) h | β+ | 119Sb | 1/2+ | ||
| 119mTe | 260.96(5) keV | 4.70(4) d | β+ (99.99%) | 119Sb | 11/2- | ||||
| IT (.008%) | 119Te | ||||||||
| 120Te | 52 | 68 | 119.90402(1) | 观测上稳定[n 5] | 0+ | 9(1)×10−4 | |||
| 121Te | 52 | 69 | 120.904936(28) | 19.16(5) d | β+ | 121Sb | 1/2+ | ||
| 121mTe | 293.991(22) keV | 154(7) d | IT (88.6%) | 121Te | 11/2- | ||||
| β+ (11.4%) | 121Sb | ||||||||
| 122Te | 52 | 70 | 121.9030439(16) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.0255(12) | |||
| 123Te | 52 | 71 | 122.9042700(16) | 观测上稳定[n 6] | 1/2+ | 0.0089(3) | |||
| 123mTe | 247.47(4) keV | 119.2(1) d | IT | 123Te | 11/2- | ||||
| 124Te | 52 | 72 | 123.9028179(16) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.0474(14) | |||
| 125Te[n 7] | 52 | 73 | 124.9044307(16) | 稳定 | 1/2+ | 0.0707(15) | |||
| 125mTe | 144.772(9) keV | 57.40(15) d | IT | 125Te | 11/2- | ||||
| 126Te | 52 | 74 | 125.9033117(16) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.1884(25) | |||
| 127Te[n 7] | 52 | 75 | 126.9052263(16) | 9.35(7) h | β− | 127I | 3/2+ | ||
| 127mTe | 88.26(8) keV | 109(2) d | IT (97.6%) | 127Te | 11/2- | ||||
| β− (2.4%) | 127I | ||||||||
| 128Te[n 7][n 8] | 52 | 76 | 127.9044631(19) | 2.2(3)×1024 a[n 9] | β−β− | 128Xe | 0+ | 0.3174(8) | |
| 128mTe | 2790.7(4) keV | 370(30) ns | 10+ | ||||||
| 129Te[n 7] | 52 | 77 | 128.9065982(19) | 69.6(3) min | β− | 129I | 3/2+ | ||
| 129mTe | 105.50(5) keV | 33.6(1) d | 11/2- | ||||||
| 130Te[n 7][n 8] | 52 | 78 | 129.9062244(21) | 790(100)×1018 a | β−β− | 130Xe | 0+ | 0.3408(62) | |
| 130m1Te | 2146.41(4) keV | 115(8) ns | (7)- | ||||||
| 130m2Te | 2661(7) keV | 1.90(8) µs | (10+) | ||||||
| 130m3Te | 4375.4(18) keV | 261(33) ns | |||||||
| 131Te[n 7] | 52 | 79 | 130.9085239(21) | 25.0(1) min | β− | 131I | 3/2+ | ||
| 131mTe | 182.250(20) keV | 30(2) h | β− (77.8%) | 131I | 11/2- | ||||
| IT (22.2%) | 131Te | ||||||||
| 132Te[n 7] | 52 | 80 | 131.908553(7) | 3.204(13) d | β− | 132I | 0+ | ||
| 133Te | 52 | 81 | 132.910955(26) | 12.5(3) min | β− | 133I | (3/2+) | ||
| 133mTe | 334.26(4) keV | 55.4(4) min | β− (82.5%) | 133I | (11/2-) | ||||
| IT (17.5%) | 133Te | ||||||||
| 134Te | 52 | 82 | 133.911369(11) | 41.8(8) min | β− | 134I | 0+ | ||
| 134mTe | 1691.34(16) keV | 164.1(9) ns | 6+ | ||||||
| 135Te[n 10] | 52 | 83 | 134.91645(10) | 19.0(2) s | β− | 135I | (7/2-) | ||
| 135mTe | 1554.88(17) keV | 510(20) ns | (19/2-) | ||||||
| 136Te | 52 | 84 | 135.92010(5) | 17.63(8) s | β− (98.7%) | 136I | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (1.3%) | 135I | ||||||||
| 137Te | 52 | 85 | 136.92532(13) | 2.49(5) s | β− (97.01%) | 137I | 3/2-# | ||
| β−, n (2.99%) | 136I | ||||||||
| 138Te | 52 | 86 | 137.92922(22)# | 1.4(4) s | β− (93.7%) | 138I | 0+ | ||
| β−, n (6.3%) | 137I | ||||||||
| 139Te | 52 | 87 | 138.93473(43)# | 500 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 139I | 5/2-# | ||
| β−, n | 138I | ||||||||
| 140Te | 52 | 88 | 139.93885(32)# | 300 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 140I | 0+ | ||
| β−, n | 139I | ||||||||
| 141Te | 52 | 89 | 140.94465(43)# | 100 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 141I | 5/2-# | ||
| β−, n | 140I | ||||||||
| 142Te | 52 | 90 | 141.94908(64)# | 50 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 142I | 0+ | ||
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗体表示。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 120Sn with a half-life over 2.2×1016 years
- ^ Believed to undergo β+ decay to 123Sb with a half-life over 9.2×1016 years
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Fission product
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Primordial radionuclide
- ^ Longest measured half-life of any nuclide
- ^ Very short-lived fission product, responsible for the iodine pit as precursor of 135Xe via 135I
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 锑的同位素 | 碲的同位素 | 碘的同位素 |
参考文献
- ^ Adams, D. Q.; et al. Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Half-Life of 130Te with CUORE. Physical Review Letters. 2021-04-27, 126 (17). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171801.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 A. Alessandrello; et al. New Limits on Naturally Occurring Electron Capture of 123Te. Physical Review C. January 2003, 67 (1): 014323. Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A. S2CID 119523039. arXiv:hep-ex/0211015
. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. nucleonica. [2015-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
- ^ Auranen, K.; et al. Superallowed α decay to doubly magic 100Sn (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2018, 121 (18): 182501 [2021-05-22]. Bibcode:2018PhRvL.121r2501A. PMID 30444390. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501 . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-03）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.