裂螺科
深海白笠目的一科软体动物
裂螺总科（学名：Fissurelloidea，亦作裂裙螺总科或透孔螺总科），其下只有裂螺科（学名：Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822[2]，亦作裂裙螺科、钥孔䗩科[3][4][5]:18或透孔螺科[6]），是古腹足类支序之下的一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的科[7][8]。本总科的物种因其锥状螺壳的螺尖上有一个小孔，是海螺的一个特化体。由于整个螺壳的外形就像一条裂开了一条缝的裙摆那样，所以被称为裂裙螺。
裂螺科 化石时期：
| |
|---|---|
| |
| 一组Diodora cayenensis的螺壳 | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 深海白笠目 Lepetellida |
| 总科： | 裂螺总科 Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822 |
| 科： | 裂螺科 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822 |
| 模式属 | |
| Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821 | |
| 属 | |
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》基本上包括了各种笠螺，覆盖了原来原始腹足目的大多数物种。
分布
本科物种的分布是世界性的，从冰冷的寒带到热带都有其物种存在[9]。
习性
本科物种一般居住在潮间带下部深水区的岩面或岩底[9]。
分类
本科的属一般可以按四个不同的亚科来分类，分别如下[10][7]：
- 天盖螺亚科 Diodorinae Odhner, 1932
- 边罅螺亚科 Emarginulinae
- Genus Clypidina Gray, 1847
- 边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801：又名鳞䗩属[11]
- Genus Fissurisepta Sequenza, 1863
- Genus Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Genus Nesta H. Adams, 1870
- Genus Notomella Cotton, 1957
- 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827[13]:23
- Genus Scutus Montfort, 1810
- 土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843[13]:23
- Genus Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Subfamily Fissurellidinae
- Subfamily Fissurellinae
但由于现时基于分子分类学的文献不断更新，现时普遍不区分亚科现详列全部的属。以下为现时属于本科的属[14][10][15][16]：
- Altrix Palmer, 1942
- Amblychilepas Pilsbry, 1890
- Buchanania Lesson, 1830
- Clathrosepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Clypidina Gray, 1847
- Cornisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Dendrofissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- 平伞裂裙螺（Diodora cf. mus (Reeve)）
- 榖米螺属 Dentimargo[15]
- 边罅螺属 Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Fissurella Bruguière, 1789
- Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1841
- Fissurisepta Seguenza, 1863
- Hemimarginula McLean, 2011
- Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
- Laeviemarginula Habe In Kuroda, 1953
- Laevinesta Pilsbry and McGinty, 1952
- Leurolepas J. H. McLean, 1970
- Lucapinella Pilsbry, 1890
- Macroschisma Sowerby, 1839
- Manganesepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- Medusafissurella Mclean and Kilburn, 1986
- Montfortia Récluz, 1843
- 凸螺属 Montfortista Iredale, 1929
- Montfortula Iredale, 1915
- Montfortulana Habe, 1961
- Nesta Adams, 1870
- Octomarginula McLean, 2011
- Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
- Profundisepta McLean & Geiger, 1998
- 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827[13]:23
- Pupillaea Gray In Sowerby, 1835
- Rimula DeFrance, 1827
- Scelidotoma Choe, Yoon and Habe, 1992
- 笠罅螺属 Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Stromboli Berry, 1954
- 土加䗩属 Tugali Gray In Dieffenbach, 1843[13]:23
- Tugalina Habe, 1953
- Variemarginula McLean, 2011
- Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- 异名：
- Austroglyphis Cotton & Godfrey, 1934: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Aviscutum Iredale, 1940: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Capiluna Gray, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- 孔螺属 Cranopsis A. Adams, 1860：今作 天窗䗩属 Puncturella R. T. Lowe, 1827
- Cemoria Risso, 1826 [ex Leach MS]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Cremoria [Gray, 1842]: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Elegidion Iredale, 1924: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- 边罅螺属 Emarginella Pilsbry, 1890[15]: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Entomella Cotton, 1945: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Fissuridea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Glyphis Carpenter, 1857: synonym of Diodora J. E. Gray, 1821
- Legrandia Beddome, 1883: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Megatebennus Pilsbry, 1890: synonym of Fissurellidea d'Orbigny, 1839
- Nannoscutum Iredale, 1937: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Nesta H. Adams, 1870: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
- Notomella Cotton, 1957: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Parmophoridea Wenz, 1938: synonym of Parmaphorella Strebel, 1907
- Parmophorus Blainville, 1817: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Plagiorhytis P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Montfortula Iredale, 1915
- Scutum P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Scutus Montfort, 1810
- Semperia Crosse, 1867: synonym of Emarginula Lamarck, 1801
- Sipho T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Siphonella Issel, 1869: synonym of Montfortista Iredale, 1929
- Subemarginula Gray, 1847: synonym of Hemitoma Swainson, 1840
- Subzeidora Iredale, 1924: synonym of Emarginula (Subzeidora) Iredale, 1924
- Tugalia Gray, 1857: synonym of Tugali Gray, 1843
- Vacerra Iredale, 1924: synonym of Puncturella Lowe, 1827
- Zidora P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Zeidora A. Adams, 1860
参考文献
- ^ Lindberg, edited by Winston F. Ponder, David R. Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5.
- ^ Fissurelloidea. ITIS.
- ^ 潘华璋; 蓝琇. 西沙群岛软体动物 (PDF). 古生物学报. 1998年, 37 (1): 122 [2017-12-23]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-12-24） （中文（简体））.
- ^ 吕端华. 中國近海鑰孔䗩科的初步研究. 《中國貝類學會貝類學論文集》 1: 208–209. 1983.
- ^ 齐锺彦等 (编). 黃渤海的軟體動物. 农业出版社. 1989: 18 （中文（简体））.
- ^ 国际贝库：钥孔透孔螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （中文（繁体））.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Rosenberg, Gary. Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. WoRMS. 2010-10-03 [2017-03-03].
- ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Fissurellidae Fleming, 1822. ITIS.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中国贝志 (中华民国贝类学会). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁体））.
- ^ Bouchet, Philippe; Gofas, Serge; Rosenberg, Gary; Mussai, Prakash. Lucapina G. B. Sowerby I, 1835. WoRMS. 2011-11-05 [2017-03-03].
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 张素萍等. 黄渤海软体动物图志. 2016-02 [2020-04-07]. ISBN 9787030471406. （原始内容存档于2022-03-20） （中文（简体））.
- ^ Fissurellidae (Keyhole Limpets). [2017-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-27）.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Fissurellidae 裂螺科. TaiBIF. [2017-03-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-27） （中文（繁体））.
- ^ Suzanne T. Williams. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-11-01, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-04-02]. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x （英语）.
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- Sowerby, G.B. Jr. (1862). Monograph of the family Fissurellidae. Reprinted edition (1982). Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. Luis Pisani Burnay: Lisboa, Portugal. 183-206, 9 col. Plates pp.
外部链接
- Archerd Shell Collection : Fissurellidae
- Murdock, Gordon R.; Steven Vogel. Hydrodynamic induction of water flow through a keyhole limpet (gastropoda, fissurellidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 1978, 61 (2): 227–231 [2010-06-22]. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(78)90102-0.
- McLean, James H.; R.N. Kilburn. Propodial elaboration in Southern African and Indian Ocean Fissurellidae (Mollusca, Prosobranchia) with description of two new genera and one new species (PDF). Contributions in Science. September 1986, 379 [2010-07-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-07-21）.
- Aktipis S.W., Boehm E. & Giribet G. (2011) Another step towards understanding the slit-limpets (Fissurellidae, Fissurelloidea, Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda): a combined five-gene molecular phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 40: 238-259.