Gan Lihao (born October 1977) is a professor and doctoral supervisor at East China Normal University, a Pujiang Talent in Shanghai, China. He also served as a visiting scholar in the Linguistics Department at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the Deputy Director of the National Discourse Ecology Research Center and holds positions such as Executive Director of the Chinese Rhetoric Society, Director of the Shanghai Language Society, and Director of the Audiovisual Communication Committee of the Chinese Society for Journalism and Communication. Gan Lihao is the originator of "Rhetoric of Life" and the "Theory of Behavioral Dramatism." His research focuses on human communication discourse, aiming to promote individual growth, harmonious family environments, mutual understanding within domestic communities, dialogues within the international community, and the peaceful development of human common destiny. His research is primarily conducted across three levels: family, nation, and global. He conducts discourse research on family education through empathetic rhetoric, discourse research on national governance through speech acts, and discourse research on global knowledge through digital communities. He has published dozens of articles in journals like "Journalism & Communication Studies," "International Journalism," "Journalism College," and "Modern Communication." His major works include "Contrastive Structures Under the Influence of Spatial Dynamics," "Communication Rhetoric: Theory, Methods, and Cases," and "Research on China's National Image and Wikipedia Knowledge Discourse."‘"Political Science on Wikipedia: A Comprehensive Exploration"
Research Achievements on Wikipedia Teams（GDK,"Global Digital Knowledge Center"）(Over 1 Million Words)（"All articles can be searched on CNKI, www.cnki.net"） I have published Wikipedia-related research papers:
1.Gan Lihao,"Ethnic Conflicts"and"Terrorist Attack": Digital Discourse Frameworks in English Wikipedia Terrorist Entries: Taking Kunming 3.1 Event and London 6.3 Event as Examples Journalism and Media (CSSCI), 2019, Issue 10. Abstract: Wikipedia is not only a knowledge storage platform, information dissemination platform, but also a social media platform.Compared with the paper encyclopedia that represents the elite ideology， It is generally believed that Wikipedia universal collaborative editing model is neutral which can effectively resist the control of power and capital. However, choosing the English Wikipedia entries of 6.3 event in London and 3.1 event in Kunming for critical discourse analysis, we can find that they have constructed two very different discourse frameworks of "terrorist attack" and "ethnic conflicts" although both describe the "extremist killing passers-by with a knife". By comparing the two frameworks, we can find that the English Wikipedia entry is still a mirror representation of the mainstream Western discourse. It can not get rid of the narrative logic of "western centralism" and portray China as "the other" in the context of global digital discourse.
2.Gan Lihao,Mosaic knowledge: Wikipedia from the perspective of environmental drama theory——Taking the English “Lao Tzu” entry as an example,Dongyue Tribune, 2022(11) Page:67-78+19 Abstract：With the emergence of Internet open source community,human knowledge production groups began to spread from the elite to the general public,which led to significant changes in the knowledge form and knowledge production mode of human encyclopedias. This paper first analyzes the text of the “Lao Tzu”entry in English Wikipedia,and finds that the knowledge of Wikipedia is a mosaic. Then,taking “dramatic behavior” as the theoretical core,and drawing on Shaykner’s “environmental drama theory” to observe the bee like knowledge production process of the interesting group of Wikipedia’s “Lao Tzu” entries,the paper analyzes the space utilization,role positioning,drama group formation and discourse power distribution in the compilation behavior of the “wiki people” group one by one,and further reveals the internal mechanism of the formation of mosaic knowledge. From the perspective of historical sources,the Cyber culture of mosaic knowledge production and Scheckner’s environmental drama theory have the same spiritual core. They both originated from the counter mainstream cultural movement and the new commune movement in the 1960s in the United States,which believed in transparency,integrity and shared values.
3.Gan Lihao,Research on Human-Bot Society in Wikipedia Under the Recognition Theory,Social Science Journal. 2022(05) Page:188-198 Abstract：Wikipedia is one of the most important human-bot societies in the metaverse. The human-bot society can be observed from the perspective of both“technology politics”and“recognition politics”. Under the effect of Pygmalion complex,the human-bot society in Wikipedia has experienced four stages including technology recognition,community recognition,policy recognition and value recognition. Although there is no psychological basis like human self-recognition and empathy, wiki bots are given the same action goal as humans, namely,compiling a high-quality Wikipedia. Guided by this goal,Wikipedians and wiki bots have assumed different social roles,rights and obligations,and recognized each other in complementary collaborative compilation. The humanbot community has subverted the realistic premise of the previous“recognition theory”based on the human community. Interpreting the human-bot recognition behavior in the meta universe from the perspective of“social role”can further expand the connotation and scope of the application of“recognition theory”.
4.Gan Lihao; Pang Yanru: The Production Mechanism and Legitimacy Construction of Internet Encyclopedia Knowledge:Taking the Wikipedia Entry "Diaoyu Islands" as an Example,Journalism and Mass Communication Monthly. ,12/2020, pp. 45-57. Abstract：In the Internet age,Wikipedia knowledge is an important part of human social knowledge.Its legitimacy comes from a series of ideological operations:assuming that the Internet is democratic;assuming that democracy can achieve fairness and justice;assuming that transparency can prevent manipulation;assuming that group thinking is perior to the individual thinking;assuming that the flowing content of the dictionaries can overcome the prejudice brought by space,time and culture;assuming that the editing behavior of the global netizens can achieve a true "comprehensive balance".However,from the pespetives of the text,user and platform rules,analyzing the "Senkaku Islands（Diaoyu Islands）" entry in the English Wikipedia,we can find that the main body of the item presents the characteristics of pro-Japanese,the number of pro-Japanese netizens in the editorial community greatly surpassed the pro-China netizens,and the management mechanism set by the platform could not substantially supervise the bad editing behavior of active users.On the whole,the"Diaoyu Island" entry does not achieve a true "comprehensive balance" of knowledge.In this sense,Wikipedia is not only a human knowledge storage platform,but also an international discourse struggle and negotiation platform.
5.Gan Lihao;Weng Binting;Opportunities and Challenges of China’s Foreign Communication in the Wikipedia,Journal of Social Sciences. 2019(06) Page:3-13 Abstract：As the Internet encyclopedia platform with the greatest global communication power and influence,Wikipedia,on the one hand,brings new opportunities for China to broaden its external communication path,establish its image as a great power,and enhance its international voice.On the other hand,it also brings challenges to China’s external communication work.The opportunities are as follows,such as providing agood opportunity for China to adapt to the restructuring of the global communication pattern;offering an international platform for China to"tell a good Chinese story";creating chances for Chinese netizen to better integrate into the international community,etc.The challenges are as follows:Wikipedia entries have a lot of prejudices and misunderstandings about China;Chinese-related issues are not systematically organized and maintained in multilingual Wikipedia;the Wikipedia community lacks influential Chinese-friendly online editors;and the traditional mode of external communication discourse can not adapt to the Wikipedia community.Based on this,it is urgent for China’s external communication to encourage netizen to participate in the editing activities of Wikipedia platform,actively train Wikipedia opinion leaders,and tell China’s stories while abiding by international discourse rules
6.Gan Lihao,Convention and Game: Naming Politics in the Compilation of Collective Self-Organizing Knowledge in Wikipedia, Journalism&Communication. 2022(12) Page:53-69+127
Abstract：Naming is not only a symbolic referential act that connects the signifier and the signified,but also a political and social m eta-discourse act.Unlike traditional encyclopedias,which rely on experts and scholars for naming,Wikipedia has established a collective naming system through online communities’ self-organizing norms.On the one hand,the wiki community reaches consensus on codification through agreement.On the other hand,it strategically resorts to various codification guidelines,supervisions,and punishment mechanisms,as well as dispute resolution procedures,and engages in a long-term and arduous struggle for the naming right in the global knowledge system.Based on the four aspects of community agreement,community supervision,community arbitration,and community game,Wikipedia has built its self-organizing naming mechanism.The paper combines the theoretical perspectives of self-organization innovation system and game strategy analysis.It suggests a new path to understanding naming politics.
7.GAN Li-hao, LIU Xin-yu,Knowledge and Discoursive Power: Group Compilation of Wikipedia Robots,JOURNALISM RESEARCH,2021(10),pp76-93 Abstract: There is a collective self-organizing online community in Wikipedia. In this community, not only are there many human groups from different countries, nationalities, cultures and linguistic backgrounds, but also a large number of bots with different functions, status, purposes and responsibilities. These humans and bots work together to maintain the Wiki community and improve the quality of Wikipedia entries through writing, modifying, discussing, fighting, compromising, and cooperating. In the process of entry compilation, these bots are not only enhancers of human power, but also actors with independent accounts. On the one hand, human users set a strict compilation threshold on these bots. On the other hand, these bots rely on the physical power given by virtual space, the identity power given by the Wiki community, and the algorithm power given by Wiki platform. In the process of knowledge production, preservation, classification and distribution, the machines' unique cognitive experience is gradually generated, and at the same time, "anthropocentrism" is being dispelled.
Published Wikipedia-related report: "Research Report on the Global Dissemination of 'Laozi' Philosophy on the Wikipedia Knowledge Platform"
Supervised master's theses based on the above works. As of 2023, the team, led by the principal investigator Gan Lihao, has guided the completion of 21 master's theses in the field of Wikipedia studies, out of which four have been recognized as outstanding papers.
The titles and details of these theses are as follows:
Yaqiong Zhang: "Collective Struggles and Mass Will: Discourse Contestation of Social Conflict Events in Wikipedia and Baidu Baike" (Outstanding Paper), 2017.
Weibing Zhu: "Sovereign Imagination of 'Taiwan' in Encyclopedia Entries" (Outstanding Paper), 2017.
Mi Zhao: "Suppression and Counterterrorism: Discourse Presentation of Violent Terrorist Incidents in Wikipedia and Baidu Baike," 2018.
Guan Liu: "Discourse Framework of Collaborative Editing of Workplace Safety Accident Articles on Wikipedia," 2019.
Haili Zhang: "Attribution Study of Collaborative Editing of the '3.14 Incident' Wikipedia and Baidu Baike Entries on Tibet," 2019.
Yanru Pang: "Sovereign Imagination in Collaborative Editing on Wikipedia: The Case of the Diaoyu Islands Entry," 2019.
Yonglu Guan: "Terrorism and Nationalism: Discourse Analysis of Violent Terrorism Events on Wikipedia," 2018.
Jingxian Li: "Norms and Strategies: Neutrality Principle and Collaborative Construction of Collective Knowledge on Wikipedia—A Case Study of the English '2017 China-India Border Standoff' Entry" (Outstanding Paper), 2020.
Di Wu: "Objective Principle and Knowledge Construction of Wikipedia Encyclopedia," 2020.
Binting Weng: "Consensus and Strategy: Research on the Balancing Principle of Wikipedia Encyclopedia," 2020.
Wenwen Cao: "Construction of Facts in Wikipedia Articles from the Perspective of Actor-Network Theory: A Case Study of the English Entry on 'China-US Trade War'," 2020.
Xinyu Liu: "Opening a New Era: Research on Robot Involvement in Knowledge Compilation of Wikipedia Encyclopedia," 2021.
Jin Fei: "Struggle for Disambiguation: Research on Knowledge Construction on Wikipedia—A Case Study of the English Entry on 'Macedonia'," 2021.
Jie Hu: "Internet Differentiated Knowledge: Comparative Study of Content Production Mechanisms of Wikipedia and Baidu Baike—A Case Study of the 'One-Child Policy' Entry," 2021.
Shan Lin: "Research on Knowledge Dissemination of Wikipedia Encyclopedia from a Feminist Perspective," 2022.
Huijun Xin: "Construction of Credibility in Wikipedia Information Sources: A Discussion Based on 'Russia Today' and 'Radio Free Asia'," 2022.
Xinyi Zhou: "Cross-Cultural Perspective on Knowledge Dissemination: Collaborative Compilation of the 'Laozi' Entry on Wikipedia Encyclopedia," 2022.
Danyi Chen: "Category Game: Research on Knowledge Construction of Wikipedia Encyclopedia," 2023.
Xiaoxiao Han: "Research on Voting Mechanism in Knowledge Construction of Wikipedia Encyclopedia—A Case Study of Entries Involving the 'Nanjing Massacre'," 2023.
Yuanyuan He: "Political Dimension of Diseases: Naming Research in Wikipedia Encyclopedia—A Case Study of Entries Involving 'COVID-19'," 2023.
Juan Li: "Redirection Game: Research on Knowledge Construction of Wikipedia Encyclopedia—A Case Study of Entries Involving 'Afghanistan'," 2023.
甘莅豪（1977.10—），华东师范大学教授、博士生导师，上海市浦江人才；美国加州伯克利大学语言学系访问学者；国家话语生态研究中心副主任；中国修辞学会常务理事，上海语文学会理事，中国新闻史学会视听传播专业委员会理事。其是“生命修辞学”“行为戏剧主义理论”提出者，通过聚焦人类沟通话语研究，致力于促进个体生命的自由成长、家庭氛围的和谐和睦、国内社群的理解互通、国际社区的协商对话，人类命运共同体的和平发展。研究方向主要在家庭、国家和全球三个层面展开：基于共情修辞的家庭教育话语研究；基于言语行为的国家治理话语研究；基于数字社群的全球知识话语研究。在《新闻与传播研究》《国际新闻界》《新闻大学》《现代传播》等期刊发表论文数十篇。主要著作有《空间动因作用下的对举结构》《传播修辞学：理论、方法与案例》《中国国家形象重塑与维基百科全书知识话语研究》《维基百科政治学》（在编）等。
团队（全球数字知识研究中心GDK，筹建中）的维基百科研究学术成果（超过100多万字）
本人为团队负责人，已发表7篇有关维基百科论文：
1.甘莅豪：《“民族冲突”与“恐怖袭击”：维基百科全书中的数字话语框架——以昆明3·1事件和伦敦6·3事件为例》《新闻与传播研究》（CSSCI），2019年第10期
2.甘莅豪；庞艳茹：《互联网百科知识的生产机制及其合法性建构:以维基“钓鱼岛”条目为例》《新闻界》2020年12期，45-57
3.甘莅豪：《承认理论视域下维基百科全书中的人机社会研究》[J].社会科学辑刊,2022(05):188-198.CSSCI
4.甘莅豪：《规约与博弈：维基百科自组织知识编纂中的命名政治》《新闻与传播研究》（CSSCI),2022年第12期，第53-70页（2023年人大复印资料转载）
5.甘莅豪,翁彬婷:《中国对外传播在维基百科平台中的机遇与挑战》[J].社会科学,2019,No.466(06):3-13.DOI:10.13644/j.cnki.cn31-1112.2019.06.001.
6.甘莅豪，刘欣雨：《维基百科机器人群体性编纂过程中的知识与话语权研究》《新闻大学》，2021年第10期CSSCI（76-93）（人大复印资料转载，2022年《新闻与传播》）
7.甘莅豪：《马赛克知识:环境戏剧理论视域下的维基百科全书———基于“老子”英文条目的探讨》，《东岳论丛》，2022年11期
已出版的维基百科报告： 《“老子”思想在维基百科全书知识平台全球传播研究报告》
指导硕士论文
截止到2023年，负责人在维基百科领域指导完成硕士论文21篇，四篇被评为优秀论文，分别为：
1.张亚琼：《群体抗争与群众意愿：社会冲突类事件在维基百科与百度百科中的话语博弈》（优秀论文）2017
2.诸蔚冰：《“台湾”在百科词条中的主权想象》（优秀论文）2017
3.赵咪：《镇压与反恐：维基百科与百度百科对暴恐事件的话语呈现》2018
4.刘冠：《维基百科生产安全事故条目协同编辑的话语框架》2019
5.张海莉：《西藏“3•14事件”维基百科和百度百科协同编辑归因研究》2019
6.庞艳茹：《维基百科协同编辑中的主权想象：以钓鱼岛条目为例》2019
7.关永蕗：《“恐怖主义”与“民族主义”：维基百科暴恐类事件的话语分析》2018
8.李净先：《规范与策略:中立性原则与维基百科群体性知识建构——以英文“2017 中印边境对峙”条目为例》2020(优秀论文）
9.吴迪：《客观性原则与维基百科全书的知识建构问题》2020
10.翁彬婷：《共识与策略：维基百科全书的平衡原则研究》2020
11.曹雯雯：《行动者网络理论视域下维基百科事实建构研究——以英文条目“中美贸易战”为例》2020
12.刘欣雨：《开启新纪元：机器人介入维基百科全书知识编纂的研究》，2021
13.费瑾：《消歧义斗争：维基百科知识建构研究——以英文涉“马其顿”条目为例》，2021
14.胡杰：《互联网差异性知识：维基百科与百度百科内容生产机制的比较研究——以独生子女政策条目为例？，2021
15.林珊：《女性主义视域下维基百科全书的知识传播研究》2022
16.辛卉君：《维基百科信息源的可信度建构研究 ——基于“今日俄罗斯”和“自由亚洲电台”的讨论》，2022
17.周心怡：《跨文化视域下的知识传播：维基百科全书“老子”条目的协同编纂研究》2022年
18.陈淡宜：《分类博弈：维基百科全书的知识建构研究》2023
19.韩潇潇：《维基百科全书知识建构的投票机制研究——以涉“南京大屠杀”事件条目为例》
20.贺媛媛：《疾病政治：维基百科全书中的命名研究——以中英文涉“COVID-19”条目为例》，2023
21.李娟：《重定向博弈：维基百科全书的知识建构研究——以涉“阿富汗”条目为例》2023