凝血酶

凝血因子II（凝血酶）
凝血因子II（凝血酶）
	人類凝血酶結構，與其抑制劑水蛭素結合在一起
有效結構
PDB	直系同源檢索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查詢代碼列表
	1a2c, 1a3b, 1a3e, 1a46, 1a4w, 1a5g, 1a61, 1abi, 1abj, 1ad8, 1ae8, 1afe, 1aht, 1ai8, 1aix, 1awf, 1awh, 1ay6, 1b5g, 1b7x, 1ba8, 1bb0, 1bbr, 1bcu, 1bhx, 1bmm, 1bmn, 1bth, 1c1u, 1c1v, 1c1w, 1c4u, 1c4v, 1c4y, 1c5l, 1c5n, 1c5o, 1ca8, 1d3d, 1d3p, 1d3q, 1d3t, 1d4p, 1d6w, 1d9i, 1de7, 1dit, 1dm4, 1doj, 1dwb, 1dwc, 1dwd, 1dwe, 1dx5, 1e0f, 1eb1, 1eoj, 1eol, 1fpc, 1fph, 1g30, 1g32, 1g37, 1ghv, 1ghw, 1ghx, 1ghy, 1gj4, 1gj5, 1h8d, 1h8i, 1hag, 1hah, 1hai, 1hao, 1hap, 1hbt, 1hdt, 1hgt, 1hlt, 1hut, 1hxe, 1hxf, 1ihs, 1iht, 1jmo, 1jou, 1jwt, 1k21, 1k22, 1kts, 1ktt, 1lhc, 1lhd, 1lhe, 1lhf, 1lhg, 1mh0, 1mu6, 1mu8, 1mue, 1nm6, 1no9, 1nrn, 1nro, 1nrp, 1nrq, 1nrr, 1nrs, 1nt1, 1nu7, 1nu9, 1ny2, 1nzq, 1o0d, 1o2g, 1o5g, 1ook, 1oyt, 1p8v, 1ppb, 1qbv, 1qhr, 1qj1, 1qj6, 1qj7, 1qur, 1rd3, 1riw, 1sb1, 1sfq, 1sg8, 1sgi, 1shh, 1sl3, 1sr5, 1t4u, 1t4v, 1ta2, 1ta6, 1tb6, 1tbz, 1thp, 1thr, 1ths, 1tmb, 1tmt, 1tmu, 1tom, 1tq0, 1tq7, 1twx, 1ucy, 1uma, 1uvs, 1vit, 1vr1, 1vzq, 1w7g, 1way, 1wbg, 1xm1, 1xmn, 1ycp, 1ype, 1ypg, 1ypj, 1ypk, 1ypl, 1ypm, 1z71, 1z8i, 1z8j, 1zgi, 1zgv, 1zrb, 2a0q, 2a2x, 2a45, 2afq, 2ank, 2anm, 2b5t, 2bdy, 2bvr, 2bvs, 2bvx, 2bxt, 2bxu, 2c8w, 2c8x, 2c8y, 2c8z, 2c90, 2c93, 2cf8, 2cf9, 2cn0, 2feq, 2fes, 2gde, 2gp9, 2h9t, 2hgt, 2hnt, 2hpp, 2hpq, 2hwl, 2jh0, 2jh5, 2jh6, 2od3, 2thf, 3hat, 3htc, 4htc, 4thn, 5gds, 7kme, 8kme
標識
代號	F2; PT
擴展標識	遺傳學：176930 鼠基因：88380 同源基因：426 GeneCards: F2 Gene
EC編號	3.4.21.5
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· thrombin activity; · receptor binding; · calcium ion binding;
細胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular space; · soluble fraction;
生物過程	· regulation of progression through cell cycle; · proteolysis; · apoptosis; · caspase activation; · acute-phase response; · tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; · STAT protein nuclear translocation; · multicellular organismal development; · blood coagulation; · response to wounding; · platelet activation; · regulation of blood coagulation; · fibrinolysis;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表達模式
	更多表達數據
直系同源體
物種	人類
Entrez	2147
Ensembl	ENSG00000180210
UniProt	P00734
mRNA序列	NM_000506
蛋白序列	NP_000497
基因位置	Chr 11:; 46.7 – 46.72 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]
	閱; 論; 編;

凝血酶（英語：Thrombin，EC 3.4.21.5）是一種「胰蛋白酶樣」絲氨酸蛋白酶蛋白質，在人體中被F2基因所編碼^[2]^[3]。在凝血作用第一級級聯反應中，凝血酶原（凝血因子Ⅱ）被蛋白水解性切除以生成凝血酶，級聯反應最終阻止了血液的繼續流失。凝血酶轉而作為一種絲氨酸蛋白酶以使可溶性的纖維蛋白原轉變為不溶性的纖維蛋白，同時催化其他許多與凝血相關的反應。

另見

參考文獻

^ PDB 2C93; Howard N, Abell C, Blakemore W, Chessari G, Congreve M, Howard S, Jhoti H, Murray CW, Seavers LC, van Montfort RL. Application of fragment screening and fragment linking to the discovery of novel thrombin inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. February 2006, 49 (4): 1346–55. PMID 16480269. doi:10.1021/jm050850v.
^ Royle NJ, Irwin DM, Koschinsky ML, MacGillivray RT, Hamerton JL. Human genes encoding prothrombin and ceruloplasmin map to 11p11-q12 and 3q21-24, respectively. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. May 1987, 13 (3): 285–92. PMID 3474786. doi:10.1007/BF01535211.
^ Degen SJ, Davie EW. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for human prothrombin. Biochemistry. September 1987, 26 (19): 6165–77. PMID 2825773. doi:10.1021/bi00393a033.

深入閱讀

Esmon CT. Thrombomodulin as a model of molecular mechanisms that modulate protease specificity and function at the vessel surface. FASEB J. 1995, 9 (10): 946–55. PMID 7615164.
Lenting PJ, van Mourik JA, Mertens K. The life cycle of coagulation factor VIII in view of its structure and function. Blood. 1999, 92 (11): 3983–96. PMID 9834200.
Plow EF, Cierniewski CS, Xiao Z; et al. AlphaIIbbeta3 and its antagonism at the new millennium. Thromb. Haemost. 2002, 86 (1): 34–40. PMID 11487023.
Maragoudakis ME, Tsopanoglou NE, Andriopoulou P. Mechanism of thrombin-induced angiogenesis. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2002, 30 (2): 173–7. PMID 12023846. doi:10.1042/BST0300173.
Howell DC, Laurent GJ, Chambers RC. Role of thrombin and its major cellular receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, in pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2002, 30 (2): 211–6. PMID 12023853. doi:10.1042/BST0300211.
Firth SM, Baxter RC. Cellular actions of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Endocr. Rev. 2003, 23 (6): 824–54. PMID 12466191. doi:10.1210/er.2001-0033.
Minami T, Sugiyama A, Wu SQ; et al. Thrombin and phenotypic modulation of the endothelium. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2004, 24 (1): 41–53. PMID 14551154. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000099880.09014.7D.
De Cristofaro R, De Candia E. Thrombin domains: structure, function and interaction with platelet receptors. J. Thromb. Thrombolysis. 2004, 15 (3): 151–63. PMID 14739624. doi:10.1023/B:THRO.0000011370.80989.7b.
Tsopanoglou NE, Maragoudakis ME. Role of thrombin in angiogenesis and tumor progression. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 2004, 30 (1): 63–9. PMID 15034798. doi:10.1055/s-2004-822971.
Bode W. Structure and interaction modes of thrombin. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 2007, 36 (2): 122–30. PMID 16480903. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.027.
Wolberg AS. Thrombin generation and fibrin clot structure. Blood Rev. 2007, 21 (3): 131–42. PMID 17208341. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2006.11.001.
Degen S: Prothrombin. In: High K, Roberts H, eds. Molecular Basis of Thrombosis and Hemostasis. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1995:75.

外部連結

The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.217（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Prothrombin Thrombophilia（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
[3]（頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Anti-coagulation & proteases by The Proteolysis Map-animation
[4] PMAP: The Proteolysis Map/Thrombin

Template:凝固作用

[pmid16480269-1] PDB 2C93; Howard N, Abell C, Blakemore W, Chessari G, Congreve M, Howard S, Jhoti H, Murray CW, Seavers LC, van Montfort RL. Application of fragment screening and fragment linking to the discovery of novel thrombin inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. February 2006, 49 (4): 1346–55. PMID 16480269. doi:10.1021/jm050850v.

[pmid3474786-2] Royle NJ, Irwin DM, Koschinsky ML, MacGillivray RT, Hamerton JL. Human genes encoding prothrombin and ceruloplasmin map to 11p11-q12 and 3q21-24, respectively. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. May 1987, 13 (3): 285–92. PMID 3474786. doi:10.1007/BF01535211.

[pmid2825773-3] Degen SJ, Davie EW. Nucleotide sequence of the gene for human prothrombin. Biochemistry. September 1987, 26 (19): 6165–77. PMID 2825773. doi:10.1021/bi00393a033.

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