奧斯曼土耳其語
语言
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奧斯曼土耳其語(鄂圖曼土耳其語:لسان عثمانى,羅馬化:lisân-ı Osmânî),屬於突厥語系,是奧斯曼帝國的官方語言。奧斯曼土耳其語中存在大量的阿拉伯語和波斯語借詞,流行於奧斯曼帝國的貴族及上層社會中。奧斯曼土耳其語的書寫系統是經修改過的阿拉伯字母,稱奧斯曼土耳其語字母。
鄂圖曼土耳其語 | |
---|---|
لسان عثمانى lisân-ı Osmânî | |
母語國家和地區 | 奧斯曼帝國 卡爾斯共和國 |
語言滅亡 | 在1928年改成今日的土耳其語 |
語系 | |
早期形式 | 古安納托利亞土耳其語
|
文字 | 鄂圖曼土耳其語字母 |
語言代碼 | |
ISO 639-2 | ota |
ISO 639-3 | ota |
語言學家列表 | ota |
Glottolog | otto1234 [1] |
奧斯曼土耳其語有時也會使用亞美尼亞字母、希臘字母、拉丁字母或希伯來字母書寫。
土耳其共和國建立後,1928年,穆斯塔法·凱末爾·阿塔土克進行了土耳其語言及文字改革。含有大量外語借詞的奧斯曼土耳其語被強行廢除。拉丁字母書寫的民間白話被使用一直至今,演變成為如今土耳其人使用的現代土耳其語。
延伸閲讀
- 英語
- V. H. Hagopian. Ottoman-Turkish conversation-grammar: a practical method of learning the Ottoman-Turkish language, Volume 1. D. Nutt. 1907. Online copies: [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), [2], [3]
- Charles Wells. A practical grammar of the Turkish language (as spoken and written). B. Quaritch. 1880. Online copies from Google Books: [4] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館),[5], [6] (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- V. H. Hagopian. Key to the Ottoman-Turkish conversation-grammar. Nutt. 1908 [2021-12-16]. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-25).
- Sir James William Redhouse. A simplified grammar of the Ottoman-Turkish language. Trübner. 1884.
- Frank Lawrence Hopkins. Elementary grammar of the Turkish language: with a few easy exercises. Trübner. 1877.
- Sir James William Redhouse. An English and Turkish dictionary: in two parts, English and Turkish, and Turkish and English. B. Quarich. 1856 [2021-12-16]. (原始內容存檔於2022-03-28).
- Sir James William Redhouse. A lexicon, English and Turkish: shewing in Turkish, the literal, incidental, figurative, colloquial, and technical significations of the English terms, indicating their pronunciation in a new and systematic manner; and preceded by a sketch of English etymology, to facilitate to Turkish students ... 2nd. Printed for the mission by A.H. Boyajian. 1877 [2021-12-16]. (原始內容存檔於2022-03-26).
- Charles Boyd, Charles Boyd (Major.). The Turkish interpreter: or, A new grammar of the Turkish language. Printed for the author. 1842.
- Thomas Vaughan. A Grammar of The Turkish Language. Robinson. 1709 [2021-12-16]. (原始內容存檔於2022-04-24).
- William Burckhardt Barker. A practical grammar of the Turkish language: With dialogues and vocabulary. B. Quaritch. 1854.
- William Burckhardt Barker, Nasr-al-Din (khwajah.). A reading book of the Turkish language: with a grammar and vocabulary ; containing a selection of original tales, literally translated, and accompanied by grammatical references : the pronunciation of each word given as now used in Constantinople. J. Madden. 1854.
- James William Redhouse (sir.). The Turkish campaigner's vade-mecum of Ottoman colloquial language. 1855 [2021-12-16]. (原始內容存檔於2022-05-24).
- Lewis, Geoffrey. The Jarring Lecture 2002. "The Turkish Language Reform: A Catastrophic Success".
- 其它語言
- Mehmet Hakkı Suçin. Qawâ'id al-Lugha al-Turkiyya li Ghair al-Natiqeen Biha (Turkish Grammar for Arabs; adapted from Mehmet Hengirmen's Yabancılara Türkçe Dilbilgisi), Engin Yayınevi, 2003).
- Mehmet Hakkı Suçin. Atatürk'ün Okuduğu Kitaplar: Endülüs Tarihi (Books That Atatürk Read: History of Andalucia; purification from the Ottoman Turkish, published by Anıtkabir Vakfı, 2001).
- Kerslake, Celia. La construction d’une langue nationale sortie d’un vernaculaire impérial enflé: la transformation stylistique et conceptuelle du turc ottoman. Chaker, Salem (編). Langues et Pouvoir de l'Afrique du Nord à l'Extrême-Orient. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud. 1998: 129–138.
- Korkut M. Buğday. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag , 編. Osmanisch: Einführung in die Grundlagen der Literatursprache. 1999.
外部連結
- 密歇根大學的奧斯曼土耳其語資源 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- http://www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com 大量奥斯曼土耳其语的文本资源(頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- 輸入奧斯曼字母的網頁工具 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (編). 鄂圖曼土耳其语. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.