奧林匹亞宙斯神像

37°38′16.3″N 21°37′48″E / 37.637861°N 21.63000°E / 37.637861; 21.63000

奧林匹亞宙斯神像（希臘語：Άγαλμα του Ολυμπίου Διός），位於希臘奧林匹亞城奧林匹亞宙斯神廟內，是古希臘雕刻家菲迪亞斯的作品。大約建造於公元前457年。雕刻的是希臘神話中的眾神之神宙斯。該神像也是當時世上最大的室內雕像，神像放置於由烏木、象牙、黃金和寶石打造的精緻的雪松寶座上。神像在5世紀失蹤，但仍為古代世界七大奇蹟之一。^[1]

描述

這尊坐像約高達12公尺，占據了側廊一半的空間。「看上去宙斯就像要站起來一樣」，地理學家斯特拉波在公元1世紀這樣寫道「他似乎要打開神廟的屋頂」^[2]，宙斯神像是一尊以象牙和金餅製成的克里斯里凡亭雕像。雖然在附近的伊利斯和羅馬銅幣上出現過宙斯神像的圖畫，但是沒有關於神像的大理石或青銅的複製版得以倖存下來。^[3]一位公元2世紀的旅行者保薩尼亞斯詳細地描述了神像以及它的底座。神像有以黃金製成的橄欖冠，坐在用杉木製成的宏偉的寶座上，並飾以黃金、象牙和烏木以及各種珍貴的寶石。在宙斯的右手上有一座小的戴着皇冠的尼刻－神話中的勝利女神，這座小雕像也是以黃金和象牙製成的。它的左手拿着一根黃金製成的權杖，旁邊還有一隻鷹。^[4]普魯塔克在他的《盧基烏斯·埃米利烏斯·保盧斯·馬其頓尼庫斯傳》中記錄到一次埃米利烏斯·保盧斯對馬其頓王國的勝利，當他凝視着神像時，「他的靈魂受到了觸動，似乎他真正親眼見到了神明」，1世紀的演說家金嘴狄翁稱，只需一瞥，人們便將忘記所有煩惱。^[5]

羅馬版坐著的宙斯，材質為象牙與青銅（經過重建），仿自菲迪亞斯的風格。（收藏於俄羅斯埃爾米塔日博物館）

歷史

雖然神像的確切建造時間已經不可考，但是通過對於神像建造工廠的考古發掘可以推斷出這座神像的建造時間大致位於公元前5世紀。

參考

^ Statue of Zeus （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） from encyclopædiabritannica.com （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Retrieved 22 November 2006
^ Alaa K. Ashmawy, "The Seven Wonders: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Retrieved on 2 December 2001.
^ Gisela M. A. Richter, "The Pheidian Zeus at Olympia" Hesperia 35 .2 (April–June 1966:166-170) p. 166f, 170. Details of the sculpture in this article are corroborated in the Richter article.
^ "On his head is a sculpted wreath of olive sprays. In his right hand he holds a figure of Victory made from ivory and gold. In his left hand, he holds a scepter inlaid with every kind of metal, with an eagle perched on the scepter. His sandals are made of gold, and his robe is also gold. His garments are carved with animals and with lilies. The throne is decorated with gold, precious stones, ebony, and ivory." (Pausanias, Description of Greece 5.11.1-.10). Pausanias was informed that the paintings on the throne were by the brother of Phidias, Panaenus.
^ Or. 12.51

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：奧林匹亞宙斯神像

[1] Statue of Zeus （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） from encyclopædiabritannica.com （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Retrieved 22 November 2006

[2] Alaa K. Ashmawy, "The Seven Wonders: The Statue of Zeus at Olympia" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Retrieved on 2 December 2001.

[3] Gisela M. A. Richter, "The Pheidian Zeus at Olympia" Hesperia 35 .2 (April–June 1966:166-170) p. 166f, 170. Details of the sculpture in this article are corroborated in the Richter article.

[4] "On his head is a sculpted wreath of olive sprays. In his right hand he holds a figure of Victory made from ivory and gold. In his left hand, he holds a scepter inlaid with every kind of metal, with an eagle perched on the scepter. His sandals are made of gold, and his robe is also gold. His garments are carved with animals and with lilies. The throne is decorated with gold, precious stones, ebony, and ivory." (Pausanias, Description of Greece 5.11.1-.10). Pausanias was informed that the paintings on the throne were by the brother of Phidias, Panaenus.

[5] Or. 12.51

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