希臘字母和科普特字母
希臘字母和科普特字母是一個位於基本多文種平面的Unicode區塊，包含了用以書寫現代希臘語（單調正寫法）的希臘字母字符。它最初也用於書寫科普特語[1]，除了使用類似的希臘字母之外，也增加了獨特的科普特字母。自4.1版本起，Unicode中包含了一個單獨的科普特字母區塊，允許在風格上對比希臘/科普特混合的文本，這也是學術著作中的慣例。書寫多調正寫法希臘語需要使用組合字符，或者希臘字母擴展區塊中的「元音+變音符號」形式的預組字符。
| 希臘字母和科普特字母 Greek and Coptic | |
|---|---|
| 範圍 | U+0370..U+03FF （144個碼位） |
| 平面 | 基本多文種平面（BMP） |
| 文字 | 希臘字母（117個） 科普特字母（14個） 通用（4個） |
| 應用 | 希臘字母 |
| 已分配 | 135個碼位 |
| 未分配 | 9個保留碼位 |
| 來源標準 | ISO 8859-7 |
| 統一碼版本歷史 | |
| 1.0.0 | 112 (+112) |
| 1.0.1 | 103 (-9) |
| 1.1 | 105 (+2) |
| 3.0 | 110 (+5) |
| 3.1 | 112 (+2) |
| 3.2 | 115 (+3) |
| 4.0 | 120 (+5) |
| 4.1 | 124 (+4) |
| 5.0 | 127 (+3) |
| 5.1 | 134 (+7) |
| 7.0 | 135 (+1) |
| 相關區塊 | |
| 希臘字母擴展 · 科普特字母 | |
| 碼表 | |
| 點擊此處 | |
| 註釋：[1][2][3] | |
雖然本區塊已含有科普特字母，但在1.0版本中的名稱仍為希臘字母（Greek）。[4]
區塊
| 希臘字母和科普特字母 Greek and Coptic[1][2] Unicode Consortium 官方碼表 (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+037x | Ͱ | ͱ | Ͳ | ͳ | ʹ | ͵ | Ͷ | ͷ | ͺ | ͻ | ͼ | ͽ | ; | Ϳ | ||
| U+038x | ΄ | ΅ | Ά | · | Έ | Ή | Ί | Ό | Ύ | Ώ | ||||||
| U+039x | ΐ | Α | Β | Γ | Δ | Ε | Ζ | Η | Θ | Ι | Κ | Λ | Μ | Ν | Ξ | Ο |
| U+03Ax | Π | Ρ | Σ | Τ | Υ | Φ | Χ | Ψ | Ω | Ϊ | Ϋ | ά | έ | ή | ί | |
| U+03Bx | ΰ | α | β | γ | δ | ε | ζ | η | θ | ι | κ | λ | μ | ν | ξ | ο |
| U+03Cx | π | ρ | ς | σ | τ | υ | φ | χ | ψ | ω | ϊ | ϋ | ό | ύ | ώ | Ϗ |
| U+03Dx | ϐ | ϑ | ϒ | ϓ | ϔ | ϕ | ϖ | ϗ | Ϙ | ϙ | Ϛ | ϛ | Ϝ | ϝ | Ϟ | ϟ |
| U+03Ex | Ϡ | ϡ | Ϣ | ϣ | Ϥ | ϥ | Ϧ | ϧ | Ϩ | ϩ | Ϫ | ϫ | Ϭ | ϭ | Ϯ | ϯ |
| U+03Fx | ϰ | ϱ | ϲ | ϳ | ϴ | ϵ | ϶ | Ϸ | ϸ | Ϲ | Ϻ | ϻ | ϼ | Ͻ | Ͼ | Ͽ |
| 註釋 | ||||||||||||||||
歷史
在Unicode 1.0.1中，爲了使Unicode 1.0.1成爲ISO 10646的適當子集，本區塊進行了一些修改。[1][2][3]
- 四個小寫字母ϛ ϝ ϟ ϡ被撤回，以便進一步研究。這些字符在3.0.0版本中被重新加入。
- 在組合附加符號區塊中，組合用粗氣符、組合用柔氣符及組合用銳音符與組合用橫翻上逗號[註 1]、組合用上逗號[註 2]和組合用上豎線[註 3]合併。5.1.0版本起，前兩者合併前的碼位U+0371與U+0372被小寫的ͱ和大寫的Ͳ佔用。後者合併前的碼位U+0384在1.1.0版本時就被可佔位的銳音符[註 4]佔用。
- 組合用iota下標和組合用分音銳音符被重新命名並移至組合附加符號區塊[註 5]。在5.1.0版本中，前者原有碼位U+0370被大寫的Ͱ所佔用，而後者則被可佔位的分音銳音符[註 6]所佔用。
- 希臘問號、上數字符號、下數字符號被移至區塊內的新位置[註 7]，它們原有的碼位U+03F0與U+03D8..U+03D9分別被表示「和」的符號ϗ[註 8]（3.0.0）、Ϙ和ϙ（3.2.0）佔用。
- 可佔位的銳音符、可佔位的分音銳音符與可佔位的iota下標[註 9]亦被移至區塊內的新位置，它們原有的碼位U+03F3與U+03F4..U+03F5，分別被小寫的希臘字母ϳ（1.1.0）、符號ϴ和ϵ（3.1.0）佔用。
以下Unicode文檔記錄了定義本區塊中特定字符的目的與過程：
| 版本 | 最終碼位[a] | 碼位數 | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | 文檔 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0.0 | U+0374..0375, 037A, 037E, 0384..0386, 0388..038A, 038C, 038E..03A1, 03A3..03CE, 03D0..03D6, 03DA, 03DC, 03DE, 03E0, 03E2..03F0 | 101 | （待考） | |||
| L2/06-386 | Davis, Mark, Properties not preserving canonical equivalence, 2006-11-09 | |||||
| L2/07-015 | Moore, Lisa, UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0374], UTC #110 Minutes, 2007-02-08 | |||||
| L2/07-071 | Davis, Mark, UCD Canonical Check, 2007-02-08 | |||||
| U+03F1 | 1 | UTC/1991-048B | Whistler, Ken, Alternate Rho, Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple, 1991-03-27 | |||
| U+03F2 | 1 | UTC/1991-048B | Whistler, Ken, Lunate Sigma, Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple, 1991-03-27 | |||
| 1.1 | U+0387, 03F3 | 2 | （待考） | |||
| L2/06-386 | Davis, Mark, Properties not preserving canonical equivalence, 2006-11-09 | |||||
| L2/07-015 | Moore, Lisa, UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0387], UTC #110 Minutes, 2007-02-08 | |||||
| L2/07-071 | Davis, Mark, UCD Canonical Check, 2007-02-08 | |||||
| 3.0 | U+03D7, 03DB, 03DD, 03DF, 03E1 | 5 | L2/98-210 | N1743 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Everson, Michael, Additional Greek characters for the UCS, 1998-05-25 | |
| L2/98-281R (pdf, html （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Aliprand, Joan, Greek characters (IV.C.2), Unconfirmed Minutes - UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998, 1998-07-31 | |||||
| L2/98-292R (pdf, html （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Figure 1 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | 2.2, Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4, 1998-08-19 | |||||
| L2/98-292 | N1840 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | 2.2, Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4, 1998-08-25 | ||||
| L2/98-293 | N1885 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | 2.3, Comments on proposals to add various characters to ISO/IEC 10646, 1998-08-25 | ||||
| L2/98-301 | N1847 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Everson, Michael, Responses to NCITS/L2 and Unicode Consortium comments on numerous proposals, 1998-09-12 | ||||
| L2/98-372 | N1884R2 (pdf, doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Whistler, Ken; et al, Additional Characters for the UCS, 1998-09-22 | ||||
| L2/98-329 | N1920 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28 | ||||
| L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.1.5.1, Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25, 1998-12-30 | ||||
| 3.1 | U+03F4..03F5 | 2 | L2/00-119[b] | N2191R （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus, Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode, 2000-04-19 | |
| L2/00-234 | N2203 (rtf, txt （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.18, Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24, 2000-07-21 | ||||
| L2/00-115R2 | Moore, Lisa, Motion 83-M11, Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83, 2000-08-08 | |||||
| 3.2 | U+03D8..03D9, 03F6 | 3 | L2/99-018 | N1938 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Everson, Michael, On GREEK LETTER KOPPA, 1998-12-12 | |
| L2/99-077.1 | N1975 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3210, 1999-01-20 | ||||
| L2/99-054R | Aliprand, Joan, Greek Letter Koppa, Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999, 1999-06-21 | |||||
| L2/00-119[b] | N2191R （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus, Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode, 2000-04-19 | ||||
| L2/00-234 | N2203 (rtf, txt （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.18, Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24, 2000-07-21 | ||||
| L2/00-115R2 | Moore, Lisa, Motion 83-M11, Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83, 2000-08-08 | |||||
| L2/01-050 | N2253 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Umamaheswaran, V. S., RESOLUTION M39.24, Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000, 2001-01-21 | ||||
| 4.0 | U+03F7..03F8 | 2 | L2/01-007 | Bunz, Carl-Martin, Bactrian, Iranianist Meeting Report: Symposium on Encoding Iranian Scripts in Unicode, 2000-12-21 | ||
| L2/02-009 | Bunz, Carl-Martin, Bactrian, 2nd Iranian Meeting Report, 2001-11-23 | |||||
| L2/02-056 | N2411 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Everson, Michael, Proposal to add two Greek letters for Bactrian to the UCS, 2002-01-30 | ||||
| L2/02-166R2 | Moore, Lisa, Scripts and New Characters - Bactrian, UTC #91 Minutes, 2002-08-09, The UTC accepts two Greek characters for use in Bactrian | |||||
| U+03F9 | 1 | L2/02-314R[c] | N2512 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to add the Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol to the UCS, 2002-08-21 | ||
| U+03FA..03FB | 2 | L2/02-313R2[c] | N2522 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode the Archaic Greek Letter San and Greek Small Letter San in the UCS, 2002-11-07 | ||
| L2/04-034 | March, Jeremy; Kirk, Peter; Rourke, Patrick; Anderson, Deborah, Request to Change Greek Collation Order for SAN, 2004-01-23 | |||||
| 4.1 | U+03FC | 1 | L2/03-157 | Pantelia, Maria, Additional Beta Code Characters not in Unicode (WIP), 2003-05-19 | ||
| L2/03-188R | N2612-5 | Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode the Greek Rho with Stroke Symbol in the UCS, 2003-06-11 | ||||
| U+03FD..03FF | 3 | L2/02-031 | Anderson, Deborah, TLG Miscellanea Proposal, 2002-01-21 | |||
| L2/02-033 | Anderson, Deborah, TLG Unicode Proposal (draft), 2002-01-21 | |||||
| L2/02-053 | Anderson, Deborah, Description of TLG Documents, 2002-02-04 | |||||
| L2/02-273 | Pantelia, Maria, TLG Unicode Proposal, 2002-07-31 | |||||
| L2/02-287 | Pantelia, Maria, Proposal Summary Form accompanying TLG Unicode Proposal (L2/02-273), 2002-08-09 | |||||
| L2/02-312R | Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS, 2002-11-07 | |||||
| L2/03-324 | N2642 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS, 2003-10-06 | ||||
| 5.0 | U+037B..037D | 3 | L2/05-076 | Davis, Mark, Stability of Case Folding, 2005-02-10 | ||
| N2942 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Freytag, Asmus; Whistler, Ken, Proposal to add nine lowercase characters, 2005-08-12 | |||||
| L2/05-108R | Moore, Lisa, Stability of Case Folding (B.14.2), UTC #103 Minutes, 2005-08-26 | |||||
| N2953 (pdf, doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., M47.5c, M47.5d, M47.5e, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15, 2006-02-16 | |||||
| 5.1 | U+0370..0373, 0376..0377 | 6 | L2/04-388 | Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta to the UCS, 2004-11-10 | ||
| L2/04-389 | Nicholas, Nick, Epigraphical Greek Letters: Request for preliminary opinion, 2004-11-10 | |||||
| L2/05-002 | Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta (Updated fonts 2005-04-28), 2005-01-01 | |||||
| L2/05-003R | N2946 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek epigraphical letters, 2005-01-01 | ||||
| L2/05-054 | Anderson, Deborah, Feedback on Proposals for Tack Hetas and Greek Epigraphical Letters (L2/05-002, L2/05-003), 2005-01-31 | |||||
| L2/05-098 | Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek epigraphical characters to the UCS, 2005-04-03 | |||||
| L2/05-108R | Moore, Lisa, Greek Epigraphical Letters (C.10), UTC #103 Minutes, 2005-08-26 | |||||
| N2953 (pdf, doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., 7.4.3, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15, 2006-02-16 | |||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., M49.1c [U+0373], Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29, 2007-02-16 | |||||
| U+03CF | 1 | L2/06-266 | N3122 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Everson, Michael, Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS, 2006-08-06 | ||
| L2/06-231 | Moore, Lisa, C.16, UTC #108 Minutes, 2006-08-17 | |||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）) | Umamaheswaran, V. S., M49.3, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29, 2007-02-16 | |||||
| 7.0 | U+037F | 1 | L2/10-474 | N3997 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | Bobeck, Michael, Proposal to encode GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT, 2010-12-12 | |
| L2/11-016 | Moore, Lisa, C.9, UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes, 2011-02-15 | |||||
| N4103 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | 11.2.8 Greek Capital Letter YOT, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03 | |||||
另見
註釋
- ^ U+0314 ◌̔ COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE
- ^ U+0313 ◌̓ COMBINING COMMA ABOVE
- ^ U+030D ◌̍ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
- ^ U+0384 ΄ GREEK TONOS
- ^ 二者今為U+0345 ◌ͅ COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI與U+0344 ◌̈́ COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS
- ^ U+0385 ΅ GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS
- ^ 三者今為U+037E ; GREEK QUESTION MARK、U+0374 ʹ GREEK NUMERAL SIGN和U+0375 ͵ GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN
- ^ U+03D7 ϗ GREEK KAI SYMBOL
- ^ 今為U+037A ͺ GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI
參考資料
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03 [2016-07-09]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-07-02）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-25）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-29）.
- ^ 3.8: Block-by-Block Charts (PDF). The Unicode Standard. version 1.0. Unicode Consortium. [2022-05-19]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2021-02-11）.