美國原住民
此條目介紹的是美國境內的原住民。關於整個美洲範圍內的類似概念，請見「美洲原住民」。此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2020年3月31日) |
美國原住民（英語：Native Americans），在不同場合與背景下也稱作美國印第安人（American Indians）、美國土著（Indigenous Americans）或簡稱印第安人（Indians），基本上美國原住民是指美國本土再加上阿拉斯加州的原住民，是在美國境內保留有部分主權的逾500個美洲原住民部落之成員的統稱，有時也會包括源於北美其他國家或是南美的美洲原住民。偶爾也會將夏威夷族或是其他美籍的太平洋島原住民包括在內。
| 美國原住民 | |
|---|---|
 截至2020年美國人口普查，美國五十個州、華盛頓哥倫比亞特區和波多黎各各縣的土著美國人比例 | |
| 總人口 | |
| 美國印第安人與阿拉斯加原住民 （2010年人口普查）[1] 單一族群：2,932,248 多個族群混合：2,288,331 總數：5,220,579 | |
| 分佈地區 | |
| 以美國西部爲主；亦有少量分佈見於美國東部 | |
| 語言 | |
| 美洲原住民語言 （包括納瓦荷語、中阿拉斯加尤皮克語、達科他語、西阿帕奇語、克勒斯語、切羅基語、祖尼語、奧傑布瓦語和奧哈姆語[2]) 英語、西班牙語、法語、俄語 | |
| 宗教信仰 | |
| 相關族群 | |
人口統計
截至2020年美國人口普查，美國各州、哥倫比亞特區和波多黎各的原住民比例
自1880年以來的人口
| 州/年 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 阿拉巴馬州
|
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
 阿拉斯加州
|
98.7% | 79.1% | 46.5% | 39.4% | 48.3% | 50.6% | 44.8% | 26.3% | 19.1% | 16.8% | 16.0% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 14.8% | 15.2% |
 亞利桑那州
|
37.5% | 34.0% | 21.5% | 14.3% | 9.9% | 10.0% | 11.0% | 8.8% | 6.4% | 5.4% | 5.6% | 5.6% | 5.0% | 4.6% | 4.5% |
 阿肯色州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% |
 加利福尼亞州
|
2.4% | 1.4% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 1.6% |
 科羅拉多州
|
1.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.1% | 1.3% |
 康乃狄克州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
 德拉瓦州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
 佛羅里達州
|
0.3% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
 喬治亞州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
 夏威夷州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
 愛達荷州
|
10.0% | 4.8% | 2.6% | 1.1% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% | 1.4% |
 伊利諾州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.8% |
 印第安納州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
 愛荷華州
|
0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 堪薩斯州
|
0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.1% |
 肯塔基州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
 路易斯安那州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.7% |
 緬因州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
 馬里蘭州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 麻薩諸塞州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
 密西根州
|
1.1% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
 明尼蘇達州
|
1.1% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 1.2% |
 密西西比州
|
0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
 密蘇里州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
 蒙大拿州
|
38.3% | 7.8% | 4.7% | 0.8% | 2.0% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 2.8% | 3.1% | 3.9% | 4.7% | 6.0% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 6.2% |
 內布拉斯加州
|
1.0% | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.2% |
 內華達州
|
13.9% | 10.9% | 12.3% | 6.4% | 6.3% | 5.3% | 4.3% | 3.1% | 2.3% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.4% |
 新罕布什爾州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
 紐澤西州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.6% |
 新墨西哥州
|
23.2% | 9.4% | 6.7% | 6.3% | 5.4% | 6.8% | 6.5% | 6.2% | 5.9% | 7.2% | 8.1% | 8.9% | 9.5% | 9.4% | 10.0% |
 紐約州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
 北卡羅萊納州
|
0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.1% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.2% |
 北達科他州
|
18.6% | 4.3% | 2.2% | 1.1% | 1.0% | 1.2% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 3.1% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 5.4% | 5.0% |
 南達科他州
|
17.2% | 5.7% | 5.0% | 3.3% | 2.6% | 3.2% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.9% | 6.5% | 7.3% | 8.3% | 8.8% | 8.8% |
 俄亥俄州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% |
 奧克拉荷馬州
|
100.0% | 24.9% | 8.2% | 4.5% | 2.8% | 3.9% | 2.7% | 2.4% | 2.8% | 3.8% | 5.6% | 8.0% | 7.9% | 8.6% | 8.4% |
 奧勒岡州
|
3.5% | 1.6% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.5% |
 賓夕法尼亞州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
 羅德島州
|
0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
 南卡羅萊納州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 田納西州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% |
 德克薩斯州
|
0.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% |
 猶他州
|
0.9% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 1.1% | 1.3% | 1.4% | 1.3% | 1.2% | 1.3% |
 佛蒙特州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
 維吉尼亞州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
 華盛頓州
|
20.8% | 3.1% | 1.9% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.7% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 1.7% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.6% |
 西弗吉尼亞州
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
 威斯康辛州
|
0.8% | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.0% | 1.0% |
 懷俄明州
|
9.6% | 2.9% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 2.1% | 2.3% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區
|
0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.5% |
 波多黎各
|
0.4% | 0.5% | 0.5% | ||||||||||||
 美國
|
0.7% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.1% |
人口分佈
城市遷移
按部落分組的人口
| 部落分組 | 部落旗 | 部落徽章 | 據報導，僅美國印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民一個部落群體 | 據報導，僅美國印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民不止一個部落群體 | 據報導，美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民混合一個部落分組 | 據報導，美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民混合了多個部落群體 | 美洲印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民部落單獨分組或以任何組合混合 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 總共 | 2,879,638 | 52,610 | 2,209,267 | 79,064 | 5,220,579 | ||
| 阿帕契族 | 63,193 | 6,501 | 33,303 | 8,813 | 111,810 | ||
| 阿拉帕霍人 | 
|
8,014 | 388 | 2,084 | 375 | 10,861 | |
| 皮岡黑腳人 | 27,279 | 4,519 | 54,109 | 19,397 | 105,304 | ||
| 加拿大和法國美洲印第安人 |  
|
6,433 | 618 | 6,981 | 790 | 14,822 | |
| 中美洲印第安人 | 15,882 | 572 | 10,865 | 525 | 27,844 | ||
| 切羅基人 | 
|
|
284,247 | 16,216 | 468,082 | 50,560 | 819,105 |
| 夏安族（北方和南方） | 
|
11,375 | 1,118 | 5,311 | 1,247 | 19,051 | |
| 契卡索人 | 27,973 | 2,233 | 19,220 | 2,852 | 52,278 | ||
| 奧吉布瓦族 | 112,757 | 2,645 | 52,091 | 3,249 | 170,742 | ||
| 喬克托族 | 
|
103,910 | 6,398 | 72,101 | 13,355 | 195,764 | |
| 可維爾人 | 8,114 | 200 | 2,148 | 87 | 10,549 | ||
| 科曼奇人 | 12,284 | 1,187 | 8,131 | 1,728 | 23,330 | ||
| 克里族 | 2,211 | 739 | 4,023 | 1,010 | 7,983 | ||
| 克里克人 | 
|
48,352 | 4,596 | 30,618 | 4,766 | 88,332 | |
| 克羅族 | 10,332 | 528 | 3,309 | 1,034 | 15,203 | ||
| 萊納佩人 | 7,843 | 372 | 9,439 | 610 | 18,264 | ||
| 霍皮族 | 
|
12,580 | 2,054 | 3,013 | 680 | 18,327 | |
| 霍馬人 | 
|
8,169 | 71 | 2,438 | 90 | 10,768 | |
| 易洛魁聯盟 | 
|
|
40,570 | 1,891 | 34,490 | 4,051 | 81,002 |
| 基奧瓦人 | 9,437 | 918 | 2,947 | 485 | 13,787 | ||
| 盧姆比人 | 62,306 | 651 | 10,039 | 695 | 73,691 | ||
| 梅諾米尼人 | 8,374 | 253 | 2,330 | 176 | 11,133 | ||
| 墨西哥原住民裔美國人 | 121,221 | 2,329 | 49,670 | 2,274 | 175,494 | ||
| 納瓦荷人 | 
|
286,731 | 8,285 | 32,918 | 4,195 | 332,129 | |
| 歐塞奇族 | 8,938 | 1,125 | 7,090 | 1,423 | 18,576 | ||
| 渥太華人 | 7,272 | 776 | 4,274 | 711 | 13,033 | ||
| 派尤特人 | 9,340 | 865 | 3,135 | 427 | 13,767 | ||
| 皮馬人 | 
|
22,040 | 1,165 | 3,116 | 334 | 26,655 | |
| 波多沃米人 | 20,412 | 462 | 12,249 | 648 | 33,771 | ||
| 培布羅人 | 49,695 | 2,331 | 9,568 | 946 | 62,540 | ||
| 海岸薩利希人 | 14,320 | 215 | 5,540 | 185 | 20,260 | ||
| 塞米諾爾人 | 14,080 | 2,368 | 12,447 | 3,076 | 31,971 | ||
| 休休尼人 | 7,852 | 610 | 3,969 | 571 | 13,002 | ||
| 蘇族 | 
|
112,176 | 4,301 | 46,964 | 6,669 | 170,110 | |
| 南美洲印第安人 | 20,901 | 479 | 25,015 | 838 | 47,233 | ||
| 西班牙裔美國人印第安人 | 13,460 | 298 | 6,012 | 181 | 19,951 | ||
| 托赫諾奧哈姆人 | 
|
19,522 | 725 | 3,033 | 198 | 23,478 | |
| 猶他人 | 7,435 | 785 | 2,802 | 469 | 11,491 | ||
| 雅基馬人 | 8,786 | 310 | 2,207 | 224 | 11,527 | ||
| 亞基人 | 
|
21,679 | 1,516 | 8,183 | 1,217 | 32,595 | |
| 奎查恩人 | 7,727 | 551 | 1,642 | 169 | 10,089 | ||
| 所有其他美洲印第安部落 | 270,141 | 12,606 | 135,032 | 11,850 | 429,629 | ||
| 美國印第安部落，未指定 | 131,943 | 117 | 102,188 | 72 | 234,320 | ||
| 阿拉斯加原住民部落，指定 | 98,892 | 4,194 | 32,992 | 2,772 | 138,850 | ||
| 阿拉斯加阿薩巴斯卡人 | 15,623 | 804 | 5,531 | 526 | 22,484 | ||
| 阿留申人 | 11,920 | 723 | 6,108 | 531 | 19,282 | ||
| 因紐皮雅特人 | 24,859 | 877 | 7,051 | 573 | 33,360 | ||
| 海達族 | 
|
15,256 | 859 | 9,331 | 634 | 26,080 | |
| 欽西安人 | 2,307 | 240 | 1,010 | 198 | 3,755 | ||
| 尤皮克人 | 28,927 | 691 | 3,961 | 310 | 33,889 | ||
| 阿拉斯加原住民部落，未指定 | 19,731 | 173 | 9,896 | 133 | 29,933 | ||
| 美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民部落，未指定 | 693,709 | no data | 852,253 | 1 | 1,545,963 |
參見
參考文獻
- ^ Archived copy (PDF). [2013-05-08]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2011-04-29）. 2010 Census Bureau
- ^ Siebens, J & T Julian. Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010. United States Census Bureau. December 2011.