肌肉減少症
中老年人高发病征
肌肉減少症(英語:Sarcopenia)又稱肌少症,是指骨骼肌在質量(mass)、品質(quality)和強度(strength)上隨着年齡或不活動產生退化性損失。此術語的英文是來自希臘語:σάρξ(肉體)和πενία(貧乏)。肌肉減少症是老化或退化過程,50歲以後每年有0.5-1%的損失。可以通過病理和行為因素如營養不足加速。肌少症是衰弱症的一個構成要素[1]。
肌少症的診斷標準有許多要件,臨床上特別關注四肢骨骼肌質量(appendicular skeletal muscle mass,ASM)[2],以其指數 ASMI(ASM/身高2)為診斷肌少症的要件之一,若個體骨骼肌質量低於健康成人平均值兩個標準差以上,則要件成立;以亞洲人種來說,即男性 ASMI <7.0 kg/m2,女性 <5.4 kg/m2[3]。
治療
運動
由於高齡且肌少症患者,除了肌肉質量與功能的減退,常並發肺活量下降、日常生活活動功能損失,因此阻力運動、有氧運動、柔軟度運動三者必須兼顧;若另有易跌倒傾向,則必須加入平衡運動。
營養
增補劑
參考資料
- ^ Peterson SJ, Mozer M. Differentiating Sarcopenia and Cachexia Among Patients With Cancer. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. February 2017, 32 (1): 30–39. PMID 28124947. doi:10.1177/0884533616680354.
- ^ Han, Yanxia MMa; Wu, Zhenyun MMa; Chen, Yi MMa; Kan, Yanan MMb; Geng, Min MMb; Xu, Nuo MMb; Qian, Hongying MBa; Wang, Hai Fang MMa; Niu, Meie MMa,∗ Factors associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass among male Chinese patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Medicine: October 2019 - Volume 98 - Issue 40 - p e17361 doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017361
- ^ Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S, Kojima T, Kuzuya M, Lee JSW, Lee SY, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Lim JY, Lim WS, Peng LN, Sugimoto K, Tanaka T, Won CW, Yamada M, Zhang T, Akishita M, Arai H. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Mar;21(3):300-307.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012. Epub 2020 Feb 4. PMID 32033882.
延伸閱讀
- Fujita S, Volpi E. Amino acids and muscle loss with aging. J. Nutr. (Review). January 2006, 136 (1 Suppl): 277S–80S. PMC 3183816 . PMID 16365098.
- Roubenoff R. Physical activity, inflammation, and muscle loss. Nutr. Rev. December 2007, 65 (12 Pt 2): S208–12. PMID 18240550. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00364.x.