誤差棒(英語:error bar),也稱誤差線誤差條等,是一種在統計圖表中表示誤差的線段[1]。誤差棒越長,代表該項數據誤差越大,反之亦然。誤差棒的長度一般等同於該項數據的標準差標準誤

誤差棒一例(圖中的垂直紅色線條)

一個對誤差棒的常見誤解是兩項數據之間誤差棒互不覆蓋同一區間即代表這兩項數據之間存在顯著的統計學差異。但其實不然。兩項數據的誤差線是否覆蓋同一區間不能用作判斷兩項數據之間是否存在顯著性差異的方法[2][3][4][5]

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ Sarkar, Advait; Blackwell, Alan F.; Jamnik, Mateja; Spott, Martin. Interaction with Uncertainty in Visualisations (PDF). Eurographics Conference on Visualization (Eurovis) - Short Papers. 2015 [2021-03-14]. doi:10.2312/eurovisshort.20151138. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-09-26). 
  2. ^ Cumming, Geoff; Fidler, Fiona; Vaux, David L. Error bars in experimental biology. The Journal of Cell Biology. 9 April 2007, 177 (1): 7–11. PMC 2064100 . PMID 17420288. doi:10.1083/jcb.200611141. 
  3. ^ Knol, Mirjam J.; Pestman, Wiebe R.; Grobbee, Diederick E. The (mis)use of overlap of confidence intervals to assess effect modification. European Journal of Epidemiology. 19 March 2011, 26 (4): 253–254. PMC 3088813 . PMID 21424218. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9563-8. 
  4. ^ Munger, Dave. Most researchers don't understand error bars. Cognitive Daily. [17 March 2018]. 原始內容存檔於2018-11-01. 
  5. ^ Belia, Sarah; Fidler, Fiona; Williams, Jennifer; Cumming, Geoff. Researchers misunderstand confidence intervals and standard error bars. Psychological Methods. 2005, 10 (4): 389–396. PMID 16392994. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.10.4.389.