單倍群P-P295
單倍群P （或P-P295、K2b2）是一個Y染色體DNA單倍群 。
| 單倍群P (K2b2) | |
|---|---|
| 起源時間 | 約3.5萬 距今[1] |
| 共祖年代 | {{{TMRCA}}} |
| 起源地 | 東南亞 [2][3] |
| 上游單倍群 | K2b [4] |
| 下游單倍群 | 單倍群P1 (P-M45) 以及 單倍群P2 (P-B253). P1是單倍群Q和單倍群R的祖先。 |
| 對應突變 | P295/PF5866/S8, 92R7_1, 92R7_2, F91/PF5862/V231 |
起源與分佈
單倍群P(K2b2)與單倍群K2b1(SM)共同源於單倍群K2b。P-P295有兩個分支：P1 (P-M45)和 P2 (P-B253)。[5][1]
目前阿埃塔人和安達曼人等有發現P*，雖然在東西伯利亞和中亞都有發現P*，但是P可能起源於東南亞，然後向北邊遷移。[1][6]
P1是單倍群Q和單倍群R的祖先,目前單倍群R主要分佈在印歐人、巴斯克人、馬扎爾人、巴什基爾人、烏孜別克人、柯爾克孜人、阿爾泰人等，單倍群Q主要分佈於美洲原住民、楚科奇人、堪察加人、葉尼塞人、圖瓦人、土庫曼人等。
P2目前有分佈於菲律賓。
其他
| Y染色體最近共同祖先 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1b | A1a-T | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1a | A2-T | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A2 | A3 | BT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DE | CF | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | E | C | F | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | H | IJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IJ | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | J | LT | K(xLT) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L | T | M | NO | P | S | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| O | N | Q | R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 ISOGG, 2016, Y-DNA Haplogroup P and its Subclades – 2016 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） (20 June 2016).
- ^ The island of Luzon, in the Philippines is the only known location of P2 (P-B253) and one of only a few locations for P*; it also features P1* (M45). See, for example: Tumonggor, Karafet et al., 2014, "Isolation, contact and social behavior shaped genetic diversity in West Timor", Journal of Human Genetics Vol. 59, No. 9 (September), pp. 494–503, and; E. Heyer et al., 2013, "Genetic Diversity of Four Filipino Negrito Populations from Luzon: Comparison of Male and Female Effective Population Sizes and Differential Integration of Immigrants into Aeta and Agta Communities", Human Biology, Vol. 85, Iss. 1, p. 201
- ^ Tatiana M Karafet et al. 2015, "Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia", European Journal of Human Genetics, No. 23, pp. 369–373.
- ^ http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2013/11/22/000802.1
- ^ That is, Haplogroup K2b1a and M [(K2b1d), are now dominant among males in Melanesia and are also significant in adjoining parts of Oceania and the Malay Archipelago.
- ^ Moreno-Mayar et Al., Early human dispersals within the Americas （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, see Supplementary Materials, Table S9. Y chromosome and mtDNA description of new ancient sequences : HistAndaman, Y haplogroup P-295. Included in Yfull tree （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）