推論統計學

推論統計學，或稱統計推論（英語：Statistical inference），指統計學中，研究如何根據樣本數據去推斷總體數量特徵的方法。它是在對樣本數據進行描述的基礎上，對統計總體的未知數量特徵做出以概率形式表述的推斷。更概括地說，是在一段有限的時間內，通過對一個隨機過程的觀察來進行推斷的。

統計學中，統計推論與敘述統計相對應。

統計推論的結果常用來決定下一步的作法，可能是要做更深入的試驗或問卷，或是是決定是否要實行某項方案。

參考文獻

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延伸閱讀

Casella, G., Berger, R.L. (2001). Statistical Inference. Duxbury Press. ISBN 0-534-24312-6
Freedman, D.A. Statistical models and shoe leather. Sociological Methodology. 1991, 21: 291–313. JSTOR 270939. doi:10.2307/270939.
Held L., Bové D.S. (2014). Applied Statistical Inference—Likelihood and Bayes (Springer).
Lenhard, Johannes. Models and Statistical Inference: the controversy between Fisher and Neyman–Pearson (PDF). British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. 2006, 57: 69–91 [2018-12-29]. doi:10.1093/bjps/axi152. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-03-03）.
Lindley, D. Fiducial distribution and Bayes' theorem. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B. 1958, 20: 102–7.
Rahlf, Thomas (2014). "Statistical Inference", in Claude Diebolt, and Michael Haupert (eds.), "Handbook of Cliometrics ( Springer Reference Series)", Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/372458.html （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Reid, N.; Cox, D. R. On Some Principles of Statistical Inference. International Statistical Review. 2014, 83 (2): n/a. doi:10.1111/insr.12067.
Young, G.A., Smith, R.L. (2005). Essentials of Statistical Inference, CUP. ISBN 0-521-83971-8