未發現元素列表
维基媒体列表条目
未發現元素是一些在元素週期表內,未被列出的元素。目前所有已被發現的人造元素,在未發現之前也都可被稱之為未發現元素,基於目前化學理論漸趨完備,我們可以依此對未發現元素作一些基本性質上的推論。由於理論推測最大的原子質子數不得超過210,故下表所列之預測元素就僅至第九週期;而截至2022年為止,最新發現(於2010年)之元素為鿬(Tennessine, Ts)[1],並經IUPAC正式承認,至此所有第七週期元素已經合成成功,下表不予以保留。
通常科學家用實驗室的所在地或名稱來命名新發現的元素,國際純粹與應用化學聯合會(IUPAC)亦會給予已發現之元素名稱正式的認可。但IUPAC為統一起見,對於所有未經核定但已發現或被預測的元素名稱一律依照IUPAC之命名法則制定暫定名稱,使用拉丁文數字頭以該元素之原子序來命名,如Biunseptium(Bus)便是由bi(二)- un(一)- sept(七)- ium(元素)四個字根組合而成,表示「元素217號」。詳細的法則請見IUPAC元素系統命名法。以下所列即為未發現元素的IUPAC暫定名稱。
未發現元素在週期表中的位置
目前實驗合成原子序最大的元素可能是第七週期的最後一個元素118Og,而若發現了原子序數更大的元素則將被置於第八週期。根據格倫·西奧多·西博格於1969年提出的擴展元素週期表[2],在第八週期以後的週期中,將會有g區元素的出現,即有部份的元素會存在有g軌域的電子,然而第八週期以後的元素都尚未能被合成或發現,所以此理論迄今未能被驗證。
我們可以預測下表的g區元素可能位於f區元素的左方,下表先依主流予以採用︰
族未定 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
週期未定 | 0 Nu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 H 氫 |
2 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 2 He 氦 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 3 Li 鋰 |
4 Be 鈹 |
5 B 硼 |
6 C 碳 |
7 N 氮 |
8 O 氧 |
9 F 氟 |
10 Ne 氖 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 11 Na 鈉 |
12 Mg 鎂 |
3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 Al 鋁 |
14 Si 硅 |
15 P 磷 |
16 S 硫 |
17 Cl 氯 |
18 Ar 氬 | |||||||||||||||
4 | 19 K 鉀 |
20 Ca 鈣 |
21 Sc 鈧 |
22 Ti 鈦 |
23 V 釩 |
24 Cr 鉻 |
25 Mn 錳 |
26 Fe 鐵 |
27 Co 鈷 |
28 Ni 鎳 |
29 Cu 銅 |
30 Zn 鋅 |
31 Ga 鎵 |
32 Ge 鍺 |
33 As 砷 |
34 Se 硒 |
35 Br 溴 |
36 Kr 氪 | |||||||||||||||
5 | 37 Rb 銣 |
38 Sr 鍶 |
39 Y 釔 |
40 Zr 鋯 |
41 Nb 鈮 |
42 Mo 鉬 |
43 Tc 鍀 |
44 Ru 釕 |
45 Rh 銠 |
46 Pd 鈀 |
47 Ag 銀 |
48 Cd 鎘 |
49 In 銦 |
50 Sn 錫 |
51 Sb 銻 |
52 Te 碲 |
53 I 碘 |
54 Xe 氙 | |||||||||||||||
6 | 55 Cs 銫 |
56 Ba 鋇 |
57 La 鑭 |
58 Ce 鈰 |
59 Pr 鐠 |
60 Nd 釹 |
61 Pm 鉕 |
62 Sm 釤 |
63 Eu 銪 |
64 Gd 釓 |
65 Tb 鋱 |
66 Dy 鏑 |
67 Ho 鈥 |
68 Er 鉺 |
69 Tm 銩 |
70 Yb 鐿 |
71 Lu 鑥 |
72 Hf 鉿 |
73 Ta 鉭 |
74 W 鎢 |
75 Re 錸 |
76 Os 鋨 |
77 Ir 銥 |
78 Pt 鉑 |
79 Au 金 |
80 Hg 汞 |
81 Tl 鉈 |
82 Pb 鉛 |
83 Bi 鉍 |
84 Po 釙 |
85 At 砹 |
86 Rn 氡 | |
7 | 87 Fr 鈁 |
88 Ra 鐳 |
89 Ac 錒 |
90 Th 釷 |
91 Pa 鏷 |
92 U 鈾 |
93 Np 鎿 |
94 Pu 鈈 |
95 Am 鎇 |
96 Cm 鋦 |
97 Bk 錇 |
98 Cf 鐦 |
99 Es 鎄 |
100 Fm 鐨 |
101 Md 鍆 |
102 No 鍩 |
103 Lr 鐒 |
104 Rf 鑪 |
105 Db 𨧀 |
106 Sg 𨭎 |
107 Bh 𨨏 |
108 Hs 𨭆 |
109 Mt 䥑 |
110 Ds 鐽 |
111 Rg 錀 |
112 Cn 鎶 |
113 Nh 鉨 |
114 Fl 鈇 |
115 Mc 鏌 |
116 Lv 鉝 |
117 Ts 鿬 |
118 Og 鿫 | |
8 | 119 Uue |
120 Ubn |
g區 元素 |
141 Uqu |
142 Uqb |
143 Uqt |
144 Uqq |
145 Uqp |
146 Uqh |
147 Uqs |
148 Uqo |
149 Uqe |
150 Upn |
151 Upu |
152 Upb |
153 Upt |
154 Upq |
155 Upp |
156 Uph |
157 Ups |
158 Upo |
159 Upe |
160 Uhn |
161 Uhu |
162 Uhb |
163 Uht |
164 Uhq | ||||||
9 | 165 Uhp |
166 Uhh |
167 Uhs |
168 Uho |
169 Uhe |
170 Usn |
171 Usu |
172 Usb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 121 Ubu |
122 Ubb |
123 Ubt |
124 Ubq |
125 Ubp |
126 Ubh |
127 Ubs |
128 Ubo |
129 Ube |
130 Utn |
131 Utu |
132 Utb |
133 Utt |
134 Utq |
135 Utp |
136 Uth |
137 Uts |
138 Uto |
139 Ute |
140 Uqn | |||||||||||||
族未定 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
週期未定 | 分區未定 | 173 Ust |
174 Usq |
175 Usp |
176 Ush |
177 Uss |
... |
總覽
s區塊 | p區塊 | d區塊 | ds區塊 | f區塊 | g區塊 |
原子序數 | 元素符號 | IUPAC命名 | 族 | 電子排佈 | 電子殼層 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
119 | Uue | Ununennium | s1 | [Uuo]8s1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 1 | 推測電負性小於0.7。 |
120 | Ubn | Unbinilium | s2 | [Og]8s2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 2 | 304Ubn之中子數為幻數,有人推測其半衰期可能較長。 |
121 | Ubu | Unbiunium | g1 | [Og]8s28p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 3 | 第一個g區元素。 |
122 | Ubb | Unbibium | g2 | [Og]7d18s28p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 9, 3 | |
123 | Ubt | Unbitrium | g3 | [Og]6f17d18s28p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 19, 9, 3 | |
124 | Ubq | Unbiquadium | g4 | [Og]6f38s28p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 21, 8, 3 | |
125 | Ubp | Unbipentium | g5 | [Og]5g16f38s28p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 33, 21, 8, 3 | |
126 | Ubh | Unbihexium | g6 | [Og]5g26f27d18s28p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 34, 20, 9, 3 | 310Ubh同時擁有中子數184、質子數126兩個幻數,推測可能是穩定元素島中半衰期最長的一個。 |
127 | Ubs | Unbiseptium | g7 | [Og]5g36f28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 35, 20, 8, 4 | |
128 | Ubo | Unbioctium | g8 | [Og]5g46f28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 36, 20, 8, 4 | |
129 | Ube | Unbiennium | g9 | [Og]5g56f28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 37, 20, 8, 4 | |
130 | Utn | Untrinilium | g10 | [Og]5g66f28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 38, 20, 8, 4 | |
131 | Utu | Untriunium | g11 | [Og]5g76f28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 39, 20, 8, 4 | |
132 | Utb | Untribium | g12 | [Og]5g86f28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 40, 20, 8, 4 | |
133 | Utt | Untritrium | g13 | [Og]5g86f38s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 40, 21, 8, 4 | |
134 | Utq | Untriquadium | g14 | [Og]5g86f48s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 40, 22, 8, 4 | |
135 | Utp | Untripentium | g15 | [Og]5g96f48s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 41, 22, 8, 4 | |
136 | Uth | Untrihexium | g16 | [Og]5g116f37d18s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 42, 22, 8, 4 | |
137 | Uts | Untriseptium | g17 | [Og]5g126f37d18s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 43, 21, 9, 4 | 在波耳原子模型中,原子序超過137的原子在1s軌域的電子速度將超過光速[4];且根據狄拉克方程式,原子基態時的能量將成為虛數,為此費曼指出元素137可能是最後的一個元素,因此有人在非正式場合亦稱此元素為Feynmanium (Fy)[5]。 |
138 | Uto | Untrioctium | g18 | [Og]5g126f37d18s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 44, 21, 9, 4 | 由於在實際情況中須考慮到原子核電荷分佈的極限,因此在更精確的計算中,非離子態元素原子序可能達173。 |
139 | Ute | Untriennium | p1 | [Og]5g136f27d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 45, 20, 10, 4 | |
140 | Uqn | Unquadnilium | p2 | [Og]5g146f37d18s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 46, 21, 9, 4 | |
141 | Uqu | Unquadunium | f1 | [Og]5g156f27d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 47, 20, 10, 4 | |
142 | Uqb | Unquadbium | f2 | [Og]5g166f27d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 48, 20, 10, 4 | |
143 | Uqt | Unquadtrium | f3 | [Og]5g176f27d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 49, 20, 10, 4 | |
144 | Uqq | Unquadquadium | f4 | [Og]5g186f17d38s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 19, 11, 4 | |
145 | Uqp | Unquadpentium | f5 | [Og]5g186f37d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 21, 10, 4 | |
146 | Uqh | Unquadhexium | f6 | [Og]5g186f47d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 22, 10, 4 | |
147 | Uqs | Unquadseptium | f7 | [Og]5g186f57d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 23, 10, 4 | |
148 | Uqo | Unquadoctium | f8 | [Og]5g186f67d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 24, 10, 4 | |
149 | Uqe | Unquadennium | f9 | [Og]5g186f67d38s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 24, 11, 4 | |
150 | Upn | Unpentnilium | f10 | [Og]5g186f67d48s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 24, 12, 6 | |
151 | Upu | Unpentunium | f11 | [Og]5g186f87d38s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 26, 11, 4 | |
152 | Upb | Unpentbium | f12 | [Og]5g186f97d38s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 27, 11, 4 | |
153 | Upt | Unpenttrium | f13 | [Og]5g186f117d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 29, 10, 4 | |
154 | Upq | Unpentquadium | f14 | [Og]5g186f127d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 30, 10, 4 | |
155 | Upp | Unpentpentium | d1 | [Og]5g186f137d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 31, 10, 4 | |
156 | Uph | Unpenthexium | d2 | [Og]5g186f147d28s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 10, 4 | |
157 | Ups | Unpentseptium | d3 | [Og]5g186f147d38s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 11, 4 | |
158 | Upo | Unpentoctium | d4 | [Og]5g186f147d48s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 12, 4 | |
159 | Upe | Unpentennium | d5 | [Og]5g186f147d48s28p2 1/29s1 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 12, 4, 1 | |
160 | Uhn | Unhexnilium | d6 | [Og]5g186f147d58s28p2 1/29s1 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 13, 4, 1 | |
161 | Uhu | Unhexunium | d7 | [Og]5g186f147d68s28p2 1/29s1 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 14, 4, 1 | |
162 | Uhb | Unhexbium | d8 | [Og]5g186f147d88s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 16, 4 | |
163 | Uht | Unhextrium | d9 | [Og]5g186f147d98s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 17, 4 | |
164 | Uhq | Unhexquadium | d10 | [Og]5g186f147d108s28p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4 |
無電子 | s區塊 | p區塊 | d區塊 | ds區塊 | f區塊 | g區塊 | h區塊 | 離子態 | 可能不存在 |
原子序 | 元素符號 | IUPAC命名 | 族 | 電子排佈 | 電子殼層 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
165 | Uhp | Unhexpentium | s1 | [Uhq]9s1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 1 | 電負性確定小於0.7。 |
166 | Uhh | Unhexhexium | s2 | [Uhq]9s2 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 2 | |
167 | Uhs | Unhexseptium | p1 | [Uhq]9s29p1 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 3 | |
168 | Uho | Unhexoctium | p2 | [Uhq]9s29p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 4, 4 | |
169 | Uhe | Unhexennium | p3 | [Uhq]8p1 3/29s29p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 5, 4 | |
170 | Usn | Unseptnilium | p4 | [Uhq]8p2 3/29s29p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 6, 4 | |
171 | Usu | Unseptunium | p5 | [Uhq]8p3 3/29s29p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 7, 4 | |
172 | Usb | Unseptbium | p6 | [Uhq]8p4 3/29s29p2 1/2 |
2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 32, 18, 8, 4 |
週期未定
多篇論文中對於其週期皆有不同表述之元素者,或者無論文或研究提到其週期者,列於此。
無電子 | s區塊 | p區塊 | d區塊 | ds區塊 | f區塊 | g區塊 | h區塊 | 超臨界原子[3] | 可能不存在 |
原子序數 | 元素符號 | IUPAC命名 | 族 | 電子排佈 | 電子殼層 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Nu/Nt/n | Neutronium | 無電子 | 零號元素 | ||
173 | Ust | Unsepttrium | 未知 | [Usb]6g1 | 2, 8, 18, 32, 50, 33, 18, 8, 4 | |
184 | Uoq | Unoctquadium | 未知 | [Usb] 6g5 7f4 8d3[6][7] | ||
245 | Bqp | Biquadpentium | 未知 | 理論計算表明,當Z=245時,2s軌域也將崩潰[8]。 |
詳細列表
化學元素 元素分區 預測電子排佈[9][6][10][11] 119 Uue Ununennium s-block [Og] 8s1 120 Ubn Unbinilium s-block [Og] 8s2 121 Ubu Unbiunium g-block [Og] 8s2 8p1
1/2[12]122 Ubb Unbibium g-block [Og] 8s2 8p2
1/2[12]
[Og] 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2123 Ubt Unbitrium g-block [Og] 6f1 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 6f1 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2[14][12]
[Og] 6f2 8s2 8p1
1/2
[Og] 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p1
3/2[14]124 Ubq Unbiquadium g-block [Og] 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2[12][13]
[Og] 6f3 8s2 8p1
1/2125 Ubp Unbipentium g-block [Og] 6f4 8s2 8p1
1/2[12]
[Og] 5g1 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g1 6f3 8s2 8p1
1/2
[Og] 8s2 0.81(5g1 6f2 8p2
1/2) + 0.17(5g1 6f1 7d2 8p1
1/2) + 0.02(6f3 7d1 8p1
1/2)126 Ubh Unbihexium g-block [Og] 5g1 6f4 8s2 8p1
1/2[12]
[Og] 5g2 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p1
1/2
[Og] 8s2 0.998(5g2 6f3 8p1
1/2) + 0.002(5g2 6f2 8p2
1/2)127 Ubs Unbiseptium g-block [Og] 5g2 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[12]
[Og] 5g3 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 8s2 0.88(5g3 6f2 8p2
1/2) + 0.12(5g3 6f1 7d2 8p1
1/2)128 Ubo Unbioctium g-block [Og] 5g3 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[12]
[Og] 5g4 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 8s2 0.88(5g4 6f2 8p2
1/2) + 0.12(5g4 6f1 7d2 8p1
1/2)129 Ube Unbiennium g-block [Og] 5g4 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2
[Og] 5g4 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[12][13]
[Og] 5g5 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g4 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2130 Utn Untrinilium g-block [Og] 5g5 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2
[Og] 5g5 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[12][13]
[Og] 5g6 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g5 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p1
1/2131 Utu Untriunium g-block [Og] 5g6 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[12][13]
[Og] 5g7 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 8s2 0.86(5g6 6f3 8p2
1/2) + 0.14(5g6 6f2 7d2 8p1
1/2)132 Utb Untribium g-block [Og] 5g7 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g8 6f2 8s2 8p2
1/2133 Utt Untritrium g-block [Og] 5g8 6f3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]134 Utq Untriquadium g-block [Og] 5g8 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]135 Utp Untripentium g-block [Og] 5g9 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]136 Uth Untrihexium g-block [Og] 5g10 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]137 Uts Untriseptium g-block [Og] 5g11 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]138 Uto Untrioctium g-block [Og] 5g12 6f4 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g12 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1/2139 Ute Untriennium g-block [Og] 5g13 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g13 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2140 Uqn Unquadnilium g-block [Og] 5g14 6f3 7d1 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g15 6f1 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p2
3/2141 Uqu Unquadunium g-block [Og] 5g15 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]142 Uqb Unquadbium g-block [Og] 5g16 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]143 Uqt Unquadtrium f-block [Og] 5g17 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]144 Uqq Unquadquadium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f2 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]
[Og] 5g18 6f1 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g17 6f2 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 8s2 0.95(5g17 6f2 7d3 8p2
1/2) + 0.05(5g17 6f4 7d1 8p2
1/2)145 Uqp Unquadpentium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f3 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]146 Uqh Unquadhexium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f4 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]147 Uqs Unquadseptium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f5 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]148 Uqo Unquadoctium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]149 Uqe Unquadennium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]150 Upn Unpentnilium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f6 7d4 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f7 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]151 Upu Unpentunium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f8 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]152 Upb Unpentbium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f9 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]153 Upt Unpenttrium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f10 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f11 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]154 Upq Unpentquadium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f11 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f12 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]155 Upp Unpentpentium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f12 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f13 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]156 Uph Unpenthexium f-block [Og] 5g18 6f13 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d2 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]157 Ups Unpentseptium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d3 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]158 Upo Unpentoctium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d4 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]159 Upe Unpentennium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d5 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d4 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s1[13]160 Uhn Unhexnilium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d6 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d5 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s1[13]161 Uhu Unhexunium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d7 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d6 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s1[13]162 Uhb Unhexbium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d8 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d7 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s1[13]163 Uht Unhextrium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d9 8s2 8p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d8 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s1[13]164 Uhq Unhexquadium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2[13]165 Uhp Unhexpentium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s1[13]166 Uhh Unhexhexium d-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s2[13]167 Uhs Unhexseptium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s2 9p1
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p1
3/2 9s2[13]168 Uho Unhexoctium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 9s2 9p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p2
3/2 9s2[13]169 Uhe Unhexennium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p1
3/2 9s2 9p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p3
3/2 9s2[13]170 Usn Unseptnilium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p2
3/2 9s2 9p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p4
3/2 9s2[13]171 Usu Unseptunium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p3
3/2 9s2 9p2
1/2
[Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p4
3/2 9s2 9p1
1/2[13]172 Usb Unseptbium p-block [Og] 5g18 6f14 7d10 8s2 8p2
1/2 8p4
3/2 9s2 9p2
1/2[13]173 Ust Unsepttrium ? [172] 6g1
[172] 9p1
3/2... ... ... ... ... 184 Uoq Unoctquadium ? [172] 6g5 7f4 8d3
廢棄的元素名稱
無電子 | s區塊 | p區塊 | d區塊 | ds區塊 | f區塊 | g區塊 | h區塊 |
原子序數 | 元素符號 | IUPAC命名 | 族 | 研究年分 | 備註 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
43 | Il | Ilmenium | 7族元素 | 1846年[15] | 鈮和鉭的混合物 |
43 | Lc | Lucium | 7族元素 | 1896年[16][17] | 含雜質的釔混合物 |
90 | Io | Ionium | 錒系元素 | 1904年[18] | 釷-230 |
93 | Ao | Ausonium | 錒系元素 | 1934年[19] | 鋇、氪等元素的混合物 |
未知 | Di | Didymium | 鑭系元素 | 1841年[20] | 鐠和釹的混合物[21] |
未知 | Nl[來源請求] | 𰚼 | 未知 | 1864年[22] | 雙電離氧O2+產生的禁線[23] |
未知 | Pe | Pelopium | 未知 | 1845年[24][25][26] | 鈮和鉭的混合物 |
參見
參考文獻
- ^ Tennessine - Element information, properties and uses | Periodic Table. www.rsc.org. [2024-09-19].
- ^ An Early History of LBNL by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg. [2009-10-28]. (原始內容存檔於2009-08-13).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Marrus, Richard. Physics of Highly-Ionized Atoms. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012-12-06: 42-43 [2018-09-08]. ISBN 978-1-4613-0833-1. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-28) (英語).
- ^ Eisberg, Robert; Resnick, Robert; Brown, Judith. Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei, and Particles. Physics Today. 1986-03-XX, 39 (3): 110–111. ISSN 0031-9228. doi:10.1063/1.2814935 (英語).
- ^ J. Eric Slone. The Mysterious 137. fotuva.org. [2017-07-17]. (原始內容存檔於2017-07-24).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Fricke, Burkhard. Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties. Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry 21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1975: 89–144. ISBN 978-3-540-07109-9. doi:10.1007/bfb0116498 (英語).
- ^ Penneman, R.A.; Mann, J.B.; Jørgensen, C.K. Speculations on the chemistry of superheavy elements such as Z = 164. Chemical Physics Letters. 1971-02-XX, 8 (4): 321–326 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1971CPL.....8..321P. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(71)80054-4. (原始內容存檔於2018-06-03) (英語).
- ^ Reinhardt, Joachim; Greiner, Walter. Probing Supercritical Fields with Real and with Artificial Nuclei. Greiner, Walter (編). Nuclear Physics: Present and Future. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2015: 195–210. ISBN 978-3-319-10198-9. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10199-6_19 (英語).
- ^ Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria. Transactinides and the future elements. Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (編). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5.
- ^ Fricke, Burkhard. Dirac–Fock–Slater calculations for the elements Z = 100, fermium, to Z = 173 (PDF). Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry. 1977, 19: 83–192 [25 February 2016]. Bibcode:1977ADNDT..19...83F. doi:10.1016/0092-640X(77)90010-9. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-22).
- ^ Nefedov, V.I.; Trzhaskovskaya, M.B.; Yarzhemskii, V.G. Electronic Configurations and the Periodic Table for Superheavy Elements (PDF). Doklady Physical Chemistry. 2006, 408 (2): 149–151 [2022-04-20]. ISSN 0012-5016. S2CID 95738861. doi:10.1134/S0012501606060029. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-10-13).
- ^ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 Umemoto, Koichiro; Saito, Susumu. Electronic Configurations of Superheavy Elements. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 1996, 65 (10): 3175–9 [31 January 2021]. Bibcode:1996JPSJ...65.3175U. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.65.3175. (原始內容存檔於2021-03-06).
- ^ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 Archived copy. www.primefan.ru. [15 January 2022]. (原始內容存檔於5 March 2016).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 van der Schoor, K. Electronic structure of element 123 (PDF) (學位論文). Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. 2016 [2022-04-20]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2019-01-13).
- ^ Hermann, R. Untersuchungen über das Ilmenium. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1847, 40 (1): 457–480. doi:10.1002/prac.184704001110 (英語).
- ^ Referate. Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie. 1897, 15 (1): 456–476. ISSN 0863-1778. doi:10.1002/zaac.18970150164 (德語).
- ^ H., J. L. NOTES ON INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Science. 1896-11-27, 4 (100): 790–791. Bibcode:1896Sci.....4..790H. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17734842. doi:10.1126/science.4.100.790-a (英語).
- ^ Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey. A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. 化學遺產基金會. 1997: 152–155 [2019-02-24]. ISBN 978-0-941901-15-4. (原始內容存檔於2019-12-08) (英語).
- ^ Fermi, Prof. E. Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92. Nature. 1934-06-XX, 133 (3372): 898–899 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1934Natur.133..898F. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/133898a0. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-17) (英語).
- ^ Emsley, John. Nature's building blocks: an A–Z guide to the elements . Oxford University Press. 2003: 341. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.
- ^ Fontani, Marco; Costa, Mariagrazia; Orna, Mary Virginia. The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side. Oxford University Press. 2015: 172–173 [2021-04-25]. ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-18).
- ^ XIII. On the spectra of some of the nebulœ. A supplement to the paper “On the spectra of some of the fixed stars. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1864-12-31, 154: 437–444 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1864RSPT..154..437H. ISSN 0261-0523. JSTOR 108876. doi:10.1098/rstl.1864.0013. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-25) (英語).
- ^ Bowen, I. S. The Origin of the Nebulium Spectrum. Nature. 1927-10-XX, 120 (3022): 473–473 [2021-04-25]. Bibcode:1927Natur.120..473B. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/120473a0. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-24) (英語).
- ^ Rose, H. On a new metal, pelopium, contained in the Bavarian tantalite. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1846-11-XX, 29 (195): 409–416. ISSN 1941-5966. doi:10.1080/14786444608645529 (英語).
- ^ Rose, H. On two new metals, pelopium and niobium, discovered in the bavarian tantalites. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 1845-02-XX, 26 (171): 179–181. ISSN 1941-5966. doi:10.1080/14786444508562692 (英語).
- ^ Niobium und Pelopium. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1846, 60 (2): 206–208. doi:10.1002/jlac.18460600233 (德語).