硝唑尼特

硝唑尼特
臨床資料
商品名（英語：Drug nomenclature）	Alinia, Nizonide, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a603017
核准狀況	美 DailyMed: Nitazoxanide;
給藥途徑	By mouth
藥物類別（英語：Drug class）	Antiprotozoal; Broad-spectrum antiparasitic; Broad-spectrum antiviral
ATC碼	P01AX11 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	美：處方藥（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
血漿蛋白結合率	Nitazoxanide: ?; Tizoxanide: over 99%
藥物代謝	Rapidly hydrolyzed to tizoxanide
代謝產物	tizoxanide; tizoxanide glucuronide
生物半衰期	3.5 hours
排泄途徑	Kidney, bile duct, and fecal
識別資訊
	IUPAC命名法 [2-[(5-Nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]ethanoate; ;
CAS號	55981-09-4
PubChem CID	41684;
DrugBank	DB00507 ;
ChemSpider	38037 ;
UNII	SOA12P041N;
KEGG	D02486 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1401 ;
NIAID ChemDB	057131;
CompTox Dashboard（英語：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID5033757 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.054.465
化學資訊
化學式	C12H9N3O5S
摩爾質量	307.28 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英語：JSmol））	交互式圖像;
	SMILES O=C(Nc1ncc(s1)[N+]([O-])=O)c2ccccc2OC(=O)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C12H9N3O5S/c1-7(16)20-9-5-3-2-4-8(9)11(17)14-12-13-6-10(21-12)15(18)19/h2-6H,1H3,(H,13,14,17) ; Key:YQNQNVDNTFHQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

硝唑尼特是一種抗寄生蟲藥和抗病毒藥，用於治療由寄生蟲、原生動物、小隱孢子蟲、蘭氏賈第鞭毛蟲、芽囊原蟲屬^[4]^[5]、溶組織內阿米巴^[6]、蛔蟲^[7]和病毒引起的感染。 ^[8]^[9]^[10] 它還能治療流行性感冒^[1]^[10]以及慢性乙型肝炎^[11]。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Alinia- nitazoxanide tablet Alinia- nitazoxanide powder, for suspension. DailyMed. [13 February 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-20）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Stockis A, Allemon AM, De Bruyn S, Gengler C. Nitazoxanide pharmacokinetics and tolerability in man using single ascending oral doses. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. May 2002, 40 (5): 213–220. PMID 12051573. doi:10.5414/cpp40213.
^ Nitazoxanide. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. [3 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-06）.
^ Blastocystis: Resources for Health Professionals. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-05-02 [4 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-08）.
^ Roberts T, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp. Gut Pathogens. May 2014, 6: 17 [2023-11-18]. PMC 4039988  . PMID 24883113. doi:10.1186/1757-4749-6-17  . （原始內容存檔於2022-11-11）. Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protists of humans. ... A recent study showed that 100% of people from low socio-economic villages in Senegal were infected with Blastocystis sp. suggesting that transmission was increased due to poor hygiene sanitation, close contact with domestic animals and livestock, and water supply directly from well and river [10]. ...
^ Muñoz P, Valerio M, Eworo A, Bouza E. Parasitic infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. December 2011, 16 (6): 565–575. PMID 22027588. S2CID 23861504. doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834cdbb0. Nitazoxanide: intestinal amoebiasis: 500 mg po bid x 3 days
^ Hagel I, Giusti T. Ascaris lumbricoides: an overview of therapeutic targets. Infectious Disorders Drug Targets. October 2010, 10 (5): 349–367. PMID 20701574. S2CID 15403331. doi:10.2174/187152610793180876. new anthelmintic alternatives such as tribendimidine and Nitazoxanide have proved to be safe and effective against A. lumbricoides and other soil-transmitted helminthiases in human trials.
^ Di Santo N, Ehrisman J. Research perspective: potential role of nitazoxanide in ovarian cancer treatment. Old drug, new purpose?. Cancers. September 2013, 5 (3): 1163–1176. PMC 3795384  . PMID 24202339. doi:10.3390/cancers5031163  . Nitazoxanide [NTZ: 2-acetyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] is a thiazolide antiparasitic agent with excellent activity against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths. ... Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a main compound of a class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds named thiazolides. It is composed of a nitrothiazole-ring and a salicylic acid moiety which are linked together by an amide bond ... NTZ is generally well tolerated, and no significant adverse events have been noted in human trials [13]. ... In vitro, NTZ and tizoxanide function against a wide range of organisms, including the protozoal species Blastocystis hominis, C. parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, G. lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis [13]
^ White CA. Nitazoxanide: a new broad spectrum antiparasitic agent. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. February 2004, 2 (1): 43–49. PMID 15482170. S2CID 219184877. doi:10.1586/14787210.2.1.43.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Rossignol JF. Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Antiviral Research. October 2014, 110: 94–103. PMC 7113776  . PMID 25108173. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.07.014  . Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral drug and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. ... From a chemical perspective, nitazoxanide is the scaffold for a new class of drugs called thiazolides. These small-molecule drugs target host-regulated processes involved in viral replication. ... A new dosage formulation of nitazoxanide is presently undergoing global Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide inhibits a broad range of influenza A and B viruses including influenza A(pH1N1) and the avian A(H7N9) as well as viruses that are resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. ... Nitazoxanide also inhibits the replication of a broad range of other RNA and DNA viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, coronavirus, rotavirus, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus in cell culture assays. Clinical trials have indicated a potential role for thiazolides in treating rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis and chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Ongoing and future clinical development is focused on viral respiratory infections, viral gastroenteritis and emerging infections such as dengue fever.
^ Teran CG, Teran-Escalera CN, Villarroel P. Nitazoxanide vs. probiotics for the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in Bolivian children. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. July 2009, 13 (4): 518–523. PMID 19070525. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2008.09.014  .

[Alinia_FDA_label-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Alinia- nitazoxanide tablet Alinia- nitazoxanide powder, for suspension. DailyMed. [13 February 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-20）.

[Primary:_Kinetics_and_OD-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Stockis A, Allemon AM, De Bruyn S, Gengler C. Nitazoxanide pharmacokinetics and tolerability in man using single ascending oral doses. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. May 2002, 40 (5): 213–220. PMID 12051573. doi:10.5414/cpp40213.

[PubChem-3] Nitazoxanide. PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. [3 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2016-03-06）.

[CDC_blastocystosis-4] Blastocystis: Resources for Health Professionals. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017-05-02 [4 January 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2015-11-08）.

[Efficacy_against_Blastocystis-5] Roberts T, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp. Gut Pathogens. May 2014, 6: 17 [2023-11-18]. PMC 4039988  . PMID 24883113. doi:10.1186/1757-4749-6-17  . （原始內容存檔於2022-11-11）. Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protists of humans. ... A recent study showed that 100% of people from low socio-economic villages in Senegal were infected with Blastocystis sp. suggesting that transmission was increased due to poor hygiene sanitation, close contact with domestic animals and livestock, and water supply directly from well and river [10]. ...

[Entamoeba-6] Muñoz P, Valerio M, Eworo A, Bouza E. Parasitic infections in solid-organ transplant recipients. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation. December 2011, 16 (6): 565–575. PMID 22027588. S2CID 23861504. doi:10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834cdbb0. Nitazoxanide: intestinal amoebiasis: 500 mg po bid x 3 days

[A._lumbricoides-7] Hagel I, Giusti T. Ascaris lumbricoides: an overview of therapeutic targets. Infectious Disorders Drug Targets. October 2010, 10 (5): 349–367. PMID 20701574. S2CID 15403331. doi:10.2174/187152610793180876. new anthelmintic alternatives such as tribendimidine and Nitazoxanide have proved to be safe and effective against A. lumbricoides and other soil-transmitted helminthiases in human trials.

[Thiazolides-8] Di Santo N, Ehrisman J. Research perspective: potential role of nitazoxanide in ovarian cancer treatment. Old drug, new purpose?. Cancers. September 2013, 5 (3): 1163–1176. PMC 3795384  . PMID 24202339. doi:10.3390/cancers5031163  . Nitazoxanide [NTZ: 2-acetyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] is a thiazolide antiparasitic agent with excellent activity against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths. ... Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a main compound of a class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic compounds named thiazolides. It is composed of a nitrothiazole-ring and a salicylic acid moiety which are linked together by an amide bond ... NTZ is generally well tolerated, and no significant adverse events have been noted in human trials [13]. ... In vitro, NTZ and tizoxanide function against a wide range of organisms, including the protozoal species Blastocystis hominis, C. parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, G. lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis [13]

[Nitazoxanide:_Broad-spectrum_antiparasitic-9] White CA. Nitazoxanide: a new broad spectrum antiparasitic agent. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. February 2004, 2 (1): 43–49. PMID 15482170. S2CID 219184877. doi:10.1586/14787210.2.1.43.

[Broad-spectrum_antiviral_review-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Rossignol JF. Nitazoxanide: a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Antiviral Research. October 2014, 110: 94–103. PMC 7113776  . PMID 25108173. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.07.014  . Originally developed and commercialized as an antiprotozoal agent, nitazoxanide was later identified as a first-in-class broad-spectrum antiviral drug and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. ... From a chemical perspective, nitazoxanide is the scaffold for a new class of drugs called thiazolides. These small-molecule drugs target host-regulated processes involved in viral replication. ... A new dosage formulation of nitazoxanide is presently undergoing global Phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide inhibits a broad range of influenza A and B viruses including influenza A(pH1N1) and the avian A(H7N9) as well as viruses that are resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. ... Nitazoxanide also inhibits the replication of a broad range of other RNA and DNA viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, coronavirus, rotavirus, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus and human immunodeficiency virus in cell culture assays. Clinical trials have indicated a potential role for thiazolides in treating rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis and chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C. Ongoing and future clinical development is focused on viral respiratory infections, viral gastroenteritis and emerging infections such as dengue fever.

[Infectious_Diseases_2009-11] Teran CG, Teran-Escalera CN, Villarroel P. Nitazoxanide vs. probiotics for the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhea in children: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial in Bolivian children. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. July 2009, 13 (4): 518–523. PMID 19070525. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2008.09.014  .

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