站立乘客
在城市公共交通中，沒有坐到位置的乘客只好站着坐車，在上下班高峰期，車廂內的乘客大部分都只能站立。只有一小部分人才有機會就座。[1][2][3][4][5]乘客可能只會在非高峰時間有座位。旅程越長，乘客就越不願意站立。在城際鐵路或城際巴士服務中，乘客站立的意願往往很低，甚至可能連站立都不被允許，車廂內會預留座位以確保所有乘客都可以就座。
在航空方面，所有乘客和機組人員在起飛和降落時都必須坐在座位上，因此大部分航空公司不允許機艙內有站立的乘客。不過2010年，一家低成本航空公司瑞安航空提出了一種「垂直座椅」設計，供其飛機上的站立乘客使用。[6]
參考文獻
- ^ 16 April 1893, Chicago Daily Tribune, pg. 33: "But Lili (a dwarf elephant – ed.) weighs only seventy pounds and her tread would not affect a corn as much as that of the dudish strap-hanger whose equilibrium has been disturbed by the sudden jerk of a green gripman."
- ^ 22 February 1896, Chicago Daily Tribune, pg. 7: "'No sane man,' said a North-sider yesterday who has been a strap-hanger for years, 'expects the street car lines to furnish seats for every passenger during the rush hour morning and evening.'"
- ^ 19 April 1899, New York Times, pg. 6: "When the offer of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company to build the underground railroad was published, the million strap-hangers were silent, inert, and helplessly contemplative."
- ^ "An imposing and formal man, Prescott Bush commuted for years to Grand Central Station, then rode down to Wall Street on the subway. 'He'd die now,' according to George's sister Nancy, 'with limos picking them up. He was a straphanger.'" — Andrew Delbanco, "Self-Remade Man," The New York Times review
- ^ Standee. Dictionary.com. [2015-05-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-23）.
- ^ The Telegraph (London), "Ryanair to sell £5 tickets for standing-room only flights" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, Laura Roberts, 1 July 2010 (accessed 17 September 2010)
- ^ "Safety of Standing Passengers in Urban Buses （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）" on ScienceDaily website, viewed 2013-09-12