TAS2R38

味覺感受器，類型2，成員38
味覺感受器，類型2，成員38
標識
代號	TAS2R38; PTC; T2R61
擴展標識	遺傳學：607751 鼠基因：2681306 同源基因：47976 GeneCards: TAS2R38 Gene
基因本體論描述
分子功能	· 感受器活動; · G蛋白耦合受體活動;
細胞成分	· 膜; · 嵌入膜;
生物過程	· 信號傳導; · G蛋白耦合受體蛋白信號傳遞路徑; · 響應刺激; · 味覺感受器;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源體
物種	人類
Entrez	5726
Ensembl	ENSG00000183609
UniProt	P59533
mRNA序列	NM_176817
蛋白序列	NP_789787
基因位置	Chr 7:; 141.32 – 141.32 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]

TAS2R38是一種苦味味覺感受器^[1]^[2]，該感受器可以嘗出苯硫脲^[3]和丙硫氧嘧啶^[4]或者相關物質的苦味。這一點和大多數苦味感受器有所不同，即該感受器是對某類物質敏感，而大多數感受器則不會表現出強烈的選擇性，能對多種物質做出響應^[5]。該感受器所能嘗出的相應物質大量存在於西蘭花、捲心菜以及其它十字花科植物中^[5]，例如：葡萄糖異硫氰酸鹽（英語：Glucosinolates）及其相關產物異硫氰酸酯。目前全球人類中，約有75%該感受器相關基因正常，即，可以嘗出苦味。而剩下的25%則無法嘗出這類的苦味，或者敏感度較低^[6]。不過目前的研究表明該感受器相關基因的變異與否，並不是決定某個人是否此類苦味物質的超級品嘗家（英語：Supertaster）的唯一因素。^[7]

引用

^ Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A, Nef P, Andres-Barquin PJ. Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2002, 98 (1): 45–53. PMID 12584440. doi:10.1159/000068546.
^ Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, Elsner T, Cromer K, Otterud B, Baird L, Peiffer AP, Leppert M. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p. Hum. Genet. 2003, 112 (5-6): 567–72. PMID 12624758. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y.
^ Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, Palmas MA, Maestrale GB, Piras D, Pirastu M, Angius A. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. Chem. Senses. 2004, 29 (8): 697–702. PMID 15466815. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh074.
^ Duffy VB, Davidson AC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Reed DR, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM. Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2004, 28 (11): 1629–37. PMC 1397913  . PMID 15547448. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000145789.55183.D4.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 味蕾和苦涩说再见. 環球科學 (電腦報經營有限責任公司與Scientific American合作推出). 2006, 11.
^ 研究称尼安德特人也能“吃苦”. 科學網. 2009-08-18 [2010-08-09]. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-28）.
^ Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Kidd JR, Duffy VB. Supertasting and PROP Bitterness Depends on More Than the TAS2R38 Gene. Chem Senses. 2008, 33 (3): 255–65. PMID 18209019. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjm084.

深入閱讀

Margolskee RF. Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction.. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277 (1): 1–4. PMID 11696554. doi:10.1074/jbc.R100054200.
Montmayeur JP, Matsunami H. Receptors for bitter and sweet taste.. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2002, 12 (4): 366–71. PMID 12139982. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8.
Kim UK, Drayna D. Genetics of individual differences in bitter taste perception: lessons from the PTC gene.. Clin. Genet. 2005, 67 (4): 275–80. PMID 15733260. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00361.x.
Anne-Spence M, Falk CT, Neiswanger K; et al. Estimating the recombination frequency for the PTC-Kell linkage.. Hum. Genet. 1984, 67 (2): 183–6. PMID 6745938. doi:10.1007/BF00272997.
Bufe B, Hofmann T, Krautwurst D; et al. The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta-glucopyranosides.. Nat. Genet. 2002, 32 (3): 397–401. PMID 12379855. doi:10.1038/ng1014.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 99 (26): 16899–903. PMC 139241  . PMID 12477932. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.
Zhang Y, Hoon MA, Chandrashekar J; et al. Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways.. Cell. 2003, 112 (3): 293–301. PMID 12581520. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0.
Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A; et al. Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family.. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2003, 98 (1): 45–53. PMID 12584440. doi:10.1159/000068546.
Kim UK, Jorgenson E, Coon H; et al. Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide.. Science. 2003, 299 (5610): 1221–5. PMID 12595690. doi:10.1126/science.1080190.
Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK; et al. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p.. Hum. Genet. 2003, 112 (5-6): 567–72. PMID 12624758. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y.
Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR; et al. Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.. Science. 2003, 300 (5620): 767–72. PMC 2882961  . PMID 12690205. doi:10.1126/science.1083423.
Wooding S, Kim UK, Bamshad MJ; et al. Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene.. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2004, 74 (4): 637–46. PMC 1181941  . PMID 14997422. doi:10.1086/383092.
Pronin AN, Tang H, Connor J, Keung W. Identification of ligands for two human bitter T2R receptors.. Chem. Senses. 2005, 29 (7): 583–93. PMID 15337684. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh064.
Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P; et al. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene.. Chem. Senses. 2005, 29 (8): 697–702. PMID 15466815. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh074.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).. Genome Res. 2004, 14 (10B): 2121–7. PMC 528928  . PMID 15489334. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504.
Fischer A, Gilad Y, Man O, Pääbo S. Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes.. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2005, 22 (3): 432–6. PMID 15496549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi027.
Go Y, Satta Y, Takenaka O, Takahata N. Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates.. Genetics. 2006, 170 (1): 313–26. PMC 1449719  . PMID 15744053. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.037523.

參見

外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：TAS2R38+protein,+human

[pmid12584440-1] Conte C, Ebeling M, Marcuz A, Nef P, Andres-Barquin PJ. Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes belonging to the TAS2R family. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2002, 98 (1): 45–53. PMID 12584440. doi:10.1159/000068546.

[pmid12624758-2] Drayna D, Coon H, Kim UK, Elsner T, Cromer K, Otterud B, Baird L, Peiffer AP, Leppert M. Genetic analysis of a complex trait in the Utah Genetic Reference Project: a major locus for PTC taste ability on chromosome 7q and a secondary locus on chromosome 16p. Hum. Genet. 2003, 112 (5-6): 567–72. PMID 12624758. doi:10.1007/s00439-003-0911-y.

[pmid15466815-3] Prodi DA, Drayna D, Forabosco P, Palmas MA, Maestrale GB, Piras D, Pirastu M, Angius A. Bitter taste study in a sardinian genetic isolate supports the association of phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity to the TAS2R38 bitter receptor gene. Chem. Senses. 2004, 29 (8): 697–702. PMID 15466815. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh074.

[pmid15547448-4] Duffy VB, Davidson AC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK, Speed WC, Pakstis AJ, Reed DR, Snyder DJ, Bartoshuk LM. Bitter receptor gene (TAS2R38), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness and alcohol intake. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2004, 28 (11): 1629–37. PMC 1397913  . PMID 15547448. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000145789.55183.D4.

[qkzz-5] 5.0 ^5.1 味蕾和苦涩说再见. 環球科學 (電腦報經營有限責任公司與Scientific American合作推出). 2006, 11.

[6] 研究称尼安德特人也能“吃苦”. 科學網. 2009-08-18 [2010-08-09]. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-28）.

[pmid18209019-7] Hayes JE, Bartoshuk LM, Kidd JR, Duffy VB. Supertasting and PROP Bitterness Depends on More Than the TAS2R38 Gene. Chem Senses. 2008, 33 (3): 255–65. PMID 18209019. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjm084.

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