伊拉克土耳其曼人

伊拉克族群

伊拉克土耳其曼人土耳其人伊拉克的分支。人口估計由50萬至450萬人不等。

伊拉克土耳其曼人
Irak Türkmenleri
伊拉克土耳其曼人官方旗幟
總人口
3 million (2013 Iraqi Ministry of Planning estimate)[1][2]
Estimated 4 million to 5 million (or 10%-13% of the Iraqi population in 2020-21)[3][4][5][6]
分佈地區
主要在土耳其曼尼地區
語言
伊拉克土耳其語英語Iraqi Turkmen#Language標準土耳其語[7]
少數為美索不達米亞阿拉伯語, 庫爾德語
宗教信仰
多數為 伊斯蘭教 (遜尼派; 什葉派)[8][9]
少數為 基督教 (天主教)[10][11]
相關族群
黎巴嫩土耳其人英語Turks in Lebanon  · 敘利亞土耳其曼人

歷史

他們最早七世紀來到伊拉克,是阿拔斯王朝哈里發的伊拉克總督的馬木留克,當時有1000人。之後塞爾柱帝國鄂圖曼帝國也有土耳其人住在伊拉克,十七世紀後正式成為伊拉克民族一部分。

人口

他們主要分佈於土耳其曼尼一帶,基爾庫克人數最多,一般認為人口大概三百萬。他們是伊拉克第三大民族。

宗教

他們多數是穆斯林,分遜尼派與什葉派。還有數量不多的基督徒土耳其曼人。

參考文獻

  1. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Triana的參考文獻提供內容
  2. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Bassem2016的參考文獻提供內容
  3. ^ Tastekin, Fehim. Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government. Al-Monitor. 2018 [12 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於12 September 2021). Turkmens are said to be 10-13% of the overall Iraqi population, but that ratio is not reflected in parliament. 
  4. ^ Dolamari, Mewan. 'Turkmens marginalized in Mosul liberation'. Kurdistan24. 2016 [12 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於12 September 2021). Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region... represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq (13 percent of the population). 
  5. ^ Güger, M. Birol. Erşat Salihi'nin istifası, iç savaş senaryoları ve Irak Türklerinin geleceği. Cumhuriyet. 2021 [12 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-28). Peki, bu durumda Irak’ta yaşayan 4 milyon Türk ne ile karşılaşacak? 
  6. ^ Sari, Esra. Irak'ta 5 milyon Türkmen yaşıyor. Ticari Hayat. 2020 [12 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於2021-10-26). Irak’ta yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır. 
  7. ^ Johanson, Lars, Turkic, Cambridge University Press: 98–99, 2021 [2022-05-04], ISBN 9781009038218, (原始內容存檔於2022-05-04), Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq. 
  8. ^ Jawhar 2010,第313–328頁: "In short, Iraqi Turkmen are a unique ethnic group; they are predominantly Muslim and divided into two main sects: Shiites (40%) Sunnites (60%), and have strong cultural ties with Turkey"
  9. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Oğuzlu313的參考文獻提供內容
  10. ^ Mina al-Lami. Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh. BBC. July 21, 2014. (原始內容存檔於May 14, 2020). 
  11. ^ Shams, Alex. Iraq's Turkmen mobilise for a post-ISIL future. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-05-04]. (原始內容存檔於2022-05-13).