古埃及數學

概述

古埃及數學古埃及人發明和使用的數學,使用時間範圍在西元前3000年到前300年間,大致從古王國時期一直到托勒密王國開始。古埃及人使用古埃及數字計數,並解決一些數學問題,通常包括乘法英語Ancient Egyptian multiplication分數問題。關於古埃及數學的佐證都是從稀有的古代紙草書上而來。根據這些紙草書的記載,古埃及人已經有了幾何英語Egyptian geometry的知識,例如計算表面積體積,用於建築計算,以及代數英語Egyptian algebra的知識,例如盈不足術一元二次方程

來源

數字

埃及數字採用10進制。

埃及數字的聖書體[2]
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
Z1
V20
V1
M12
D50
I8
C11
 
Slab stela of Old Kingdom Egyptian princess Neferetiabet (dated 2590-2565 BC) from her tomb at Giza, painting on limestone, now in Louvre, France.
一些分數的聖書體[1]
         
Aa13
r
Z2
D22
r
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1
r
Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1 Z1

參看

外部連結

參考

  • Chace, Arnold Buffum. 1927–1929. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: Free Translation and Commentary with Selected Photographs, Translations, Transliterations and Literal Translations. 2 vols. Classics in Mathematics Education 8. Oberlin: Mathematical Association of America. (Reprinted Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1979). ISBN 0873531337
  • Clagett, Marshall. 1999. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Volume 3: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 232. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871692325
  • Couchoud, Sylvia. 1993. Mathématiques égyptiennes: Recherches sur les connaissances mathématiques de l'Égypte pharaonique. Paris: Éditions Le Léopard d'Or
  • Peet, Thomas Eric. 1923. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, British Museum 10057 and 10058. London: The University Press of Liverpool limited and Hodder & Stoughton limited
  • Robins, R. Gay. 1995. "Mathematics, Astronomy, and Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt". In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, edited by Jack M. Sasson, John R. Baines, Gary Beckman, and Karen S. Rubinson. Vol. 3 of 4 vols. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons. (Reprinted Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000). 1799–1813
  • Robins, R. Gay, and Charles C. D. Shute. 1987. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: An Ancient Egyptian Text. London: British Museum Publications Limited. ISBN 0714109444
  • Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič, and Boris Aleksandrovič Turaev. 1930. Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A: Quellen 1. Berlin: J. Springer

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Clagett, Marshall Ancient Egyptian Science, A Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society) American Philosophical Society. 1999 ISBN 978-0-87169-232-0
  2. ^ Burton, David, The History of Mathematics: An Introduction , McGraw-Hill, 2005, ISBN 978-0-07-305189-5