流行文化中哲·古華拉

流行文化中的哲·古華拉，或哲·古華拉時尚^[1]，是一種時尚潮流，以阿根廷出生的革命家哲·古華拉的頭像為特徵標誌。哲·古華拉的形象在T恤設計中頗為流行，它們代表着切的政治信念；同時，用金錢去購買一件體現馬克思主義標誌的T恤本身也頗具諷刺意味，這些現象都吸引着諸多媒體、政治評論員和古巴裔美國活動家們的注意力。誠如政治評論員克里斯·伯格在世紀報中所說：「諷刺的是，哲·古華拉這麼一個文化標誌之所以能夠如此經久不衰，竟歸功於哲·古華拉一生都致力於摧毀的經濟體制系統。^[1]

流行性

哲·古華拉的形象在服裝設計中很流行，以至於這個肖像被描述成「讓成千上萬件T恤暢銷的那張臉」。^[2]^[3] 評論員們注意到，此T恤之所以在年輕成年人尤其是大學生中如此流行，是因為他的形象與反叛精神有着密切聯繫。布里斯班時報的李察·卡索諷刺地觀察道：「在布里斯班的不倫瑞克大街或教堂大街隨便走走，會不由自主感嘆：也許哲·古華拉本人是所有40歲以下年輕人唯一一個還沒穿過哲·古華拉頭像衫的人。」 ^[4] 最近^[何時？]與哲·古華拉有關的潮流可歸因於宏觀經濟困難，這讓切所發出的信條更具號召力。^[5] 與此同時，因為哲·古華拉形象空前流行，也產生了很多惡搞，比如把他的鬍子給刮了，並用他的名字開雙關語的笑話。 ^[6]

歷史

流行文化中哲·古華拉的形象源自攝影作品英勇的游擊隊員。尚不明確何時開始被時尚設計界所使用，^[7] 只知1967年愛爾蘭藝術家Jim Fitzpatrick基於此照片重新創作了一幅海報。^[8]

回應

哲·古華拉潮流的大行其道，引起了諸多批評，聲稱不應忽視他的缺陷，也不應將他的行為浪漫化。評論認為年輕人像支持偶像一樣支持哲·古華拉，卻沒有意識到他形象背後的種種爭議，比如，他曾被認為支持暴力作為實現目標的手段之一，他也曾把古巴經濟拖入泥潭。^[1] 評論者稱此潮流為「曇花一現，不足掛齒」。^[9]

流亡海外的古巴人社區也以同樣理由，反對切的形象被用作流行文化。^[10]

哲·古華拉的長女阿蕾達·格瓦拉，則對這個從她父親頭像衍生出的潮流趨勢表示堅決的支持態度，她說：「穿哲·古華拉T恤的人，通常是不輕易妥協的人，他們不滿足於社會現狀，時刻思索着如何才能造福於人類社會。我想，我父親應該是會贊成這樣的事的。」^[2]

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Berg, Chris. Che chic: you've ignored the horrors, now buy the T-shirt. The Age. October 14, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-21）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Chrisafis, Angelique. Che, my father: His face adorned the T-shirts and posters of a student generation. Even 35 years after his death Che Guevara remains an icon. But to his daughter Aleida he is the mysterious visitor who gave her sweets. The Guardian. May 3, 2003 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-11）.
^ Porter, Barney. Che Guevara remembered. ABC News. October 8, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）.
^ Castles, Richard. Have a life, willing to buy the T-shirt. Brisbane Times. June 28, 2009 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-06）.
^ White, Tanika. MEAN WHAT YOU WEAR ; This year's T-shirt has something to get off its wearer's chest. Baltimore Sun. April 4, 2005 [August 3, 2004]. （原始內容存檔於2013-02-01）.
^ Rooosterboy. Che'ved Guevara is Shaved. [2014-08-30]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-09）.
^ Watkins, Valentine. Cool t-shirt, bro. Salient (magazine). May 3, 2010 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-04）.
^ Trisha Ziff, Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 21
^ Bowen III, DK. Che Guevara: once a revolutionary, now just a T-shirt fad. The Collegian. October 23, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-21）. Template:Date=December 2012
^ Marquez, Myriam. Revolutionist Che Guevara T-Shirts Keep Reality Under Wraps. Clarkson University. April 4, 2005 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2010-08-11）.

[age-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Berg, Chris. Che chic: you've ignored the horrors, now buy the T-shirt. The Age. October 14, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2018-01-21）.

[Guardian-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Chrisafis, Angelique. Che, my father: His face adorned the T-shirts and posters of a student generation. Even 35 years after his death Che Guevara remains an icon. But to his daughter Aleida he is the mysterious visitor who gave her sweets. The Guardian. May 3, 2003 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2013-06-11）.

[ABC-3] Porter, Barney. Che Guevara remembered. ABC News. October 8, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-11）.

[BT-4] Castles, Richard. Have a life, willing to buy the T-shirt. Brisbane Times. June 28, 2009 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-06）.

[Balt-5] White, Tanika. MEAN WHAT YOU WEAR ; This year's T-shirt has something to get off its wearer's chest. Baltimore Sun. April 4, 2005 [August 3, 2004]. （原始內容存檔於2013-02-01）.

[6] Rooosterboy. Che'ved Guevara is Shaved. [2014-08-30]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-09）.

[Sal-7] Watkins, Valentine. Cool t-shirt, bro. Salient (magazine). May 3, 2010 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2014-09-04）.

[8] Trisha Ziff, Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon, Abrams Image, 2006, pg 21

[SMC-9] Bowen III, DK. Che Guevara: once a revolutionary, now just a T-shirt fad. The Collegian. October 23, 2007 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-21）. Template:Date=December 2012

[CI-10] Marquez, Myriam. Revolutionist Che Guevara T-Shirts Keep Reality Under Wraps. Clarkson University. April 4, 2005 [November 5, 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2010-08-11）.

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