硝酸鈈(IV)

化合物

硝酸鈈(IV)是一種具有強放射性無機化合物化學式為Pu(NO3)4,可以形成水合物,[1]其外觀為深綠色晶體。[3][4]

硝酸鈈(IV)
英文名 Plutonium(IV) nitrate
別名 四硝酸鈈
識別
CAS號 13823-27-3  checkY
53745-09-8238Pu)  checkY
13968-56-4239Pu)  checkY
55252-44-3(水合)  checkY
159472-02-3(三水)  checkY
61204-24-8(五水)  checkY
PubChem 150308
SMILES
 
  • [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pu+4]
性質
化學式 Pu(NO3)4
摩爾質量 492.028(無水)
582.108(五水) g·mol⁻¹
外觀 綠色晶體(五水)[1]
密度 2.90 g·cm−3(五水)[2]
溶解性 可溶
相關物質
其他陰離子 硫酸鈈(IV)
其他陽離子 硝酸鎿(IV)
相關化學品 硝酸鈈(VI)酰
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

製備

硝酸鈈(IV)可由二氧化鈈溶於硝酸得到,[5]從其溶液中可以結晶出正交晶系的五水合物(Pu(NO3)4·5H2O)。[2]

性質

硝酸鈈(IV)可溶於水和一部分有機溶劑[1],其水溶液可被磷酸三丁酯萃取。[6]它也能溶於熔融的硝酸鈾酰六水合物,若在體系中加入1~6 M HNO3,它會歧化為Pu(III)和Pu(VI),若提高HNO3濃度至10 M以上,則只會生成配陰離子[Pu(NO3)6]2−[7]它在1.5~7.1 M的硝酸溶液中,可以Pu(NO3)n(4−n)+(n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5)的形式存在,7.1 M以上時,以[Pu(NO3)6]2−的形式存在,[8]超過11 M時,以H2[Pu(NO3)6]的形式存在。[9]在鹼性溶液中,它以PuO2·xH2O的形式沉澱出來。[10]

它可以被氨基胍硫酸鹽或抗壞血酸還原為Pu(NO3)3[11]向其溶液通入臭氧,它可以經PuO2+氧化至PuO22+[12]

 

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ahrland, S.; Bagnall, K.W.; Brown, D. The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. 2016: 292 [2021-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4831-5934-8. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-18) (英語). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Staritzky, Eugene. Crustallographic Data. 142. Plutonium Tetranitrate Pentahydrate, Pu(NO3)4·5H2O. Analytical Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1956-12-01, 28 (12): 2021–2022. ISSN 0003-2700. doi:10.1021/ac60120a063 (英語). 
  3. ^ Allen, P. G.; Veirs, D. K.; Conradson, S. D.; Smith, C. A.; Marsh, S. F. Characterization of Aqueous Plutonium(IV) Nitrate Complexes by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. Inorganic Chemistry. 1996-01, 35 (10): 2841–2845 [2021-08-16]. doi:10.1021/ic9511231. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-27). 
  4. ^ Kubic, William; Jackson, J. A thermodynamic model of plutonium (IV) nitrate solutions. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2012-03-09, 293 (2): 601–612 [2021-08-16]. ISSN 1588-2780. S2CID 94704456. doi:10.1007/s10967-012-1703-4. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-27). 
  5. ^ George, Kathryn; Muller, Julie; Berthon, Laurence; Berthon, Claude; Guillaumont, Dominique; Vitorica-Yrezabal, Iñigo J.; Stafford, H. Victoria; Natrajan, Louise S.; Tamain, Christelle. Exploring the Coordination of Plutonium and Mixed Plutonyl–Uranyl Complexes of Imidodiphosphinates. Inorganic Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2019-04-26, 58 (10): 6904–6917. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00346 (英語). 
  6. ^ Healy, T. V.; McKay, H. A. C. The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 2.—The nature of the TBP phase. Trans. Faraday Soc. (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)). 1956, 52 (0): 633–642. ISSN 0014-7672. doi:10.1039/tf9565200633 (英語). 
  7. ^ Kulyako, Yu. M.; Trofimov, T. I.; Samsonov, M. D.; Shadrin, A. Yu.; Myasoedov, B. F. Solubility of plutonium nitrate in uranyl nitrate hexahydrate melt. Radiochemistry (Pleiades Publishing Ltd). 2008, 50 (3): 250–252. ISSN 1066-3622. doi:10.1134/s1066362208030053 (英語). 
  8. ^ Lipis, L. V.; Pozharskii, B. G.; Fomin, V. V. Spectrophotometric investigation of the formation of complexes of quadrivalent Pu in nitrate solutions. Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii. 1960, (2): 135-144. ISSN 0136-7463 (俄語). 
  9. ^ Brothers, J.A.; Hart, R.G.; Mathers, W.G. The nitrate complexes of tetravalent plutonium. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry (Elsevier BV). 1958, 7 (1-2): 85–93. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(58)80031-7 (英語). 
  10. ^ Delegard, C. H. Effects of aging on PuO2·xH2O particle size in alkaline solution. Radiochimica Acta (Walter de Gruyter GmbH). 2013-04-29, 101 (5): 313–322. ISSN 2193-3405. doi:10.1524/ract.2013.2034 (英語). 
  11. ^ Burney, G. A.; Tober, F. W. Precipitation of Plutonium Trifluoride. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1965, 4 (1): 28–32. ISSN 0196-4305. doi:10.1021/i260013a009 (英語). 
  12. ^ Conroy, Nathan A.; Wylie, E. Miller; Powell, Brian A. A Novel Method for Tracer Concentration Plutonium(V) Solution Preparation. Analytical Chemistry (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2016-03-28, 88 (8): 4196–4199. ISSN 0003-2700. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00229 (英語). 

拓展閱讀

  • Balasubramonian, S.; Pandey, N. K.; Subba Rao, R. V. Thermodynamic modeling of Pu(IV) and nitric acid extraction by 1.1 M tri-iso-amyl phosphate in n-dodecane. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (Springer Science and Business Media LLC). 2020-08-12, 326 (1): 105–113. ISSN 0236-5731. doi:10.1007/s10967-020-07338-8 (英語). 
  • Kaplan, Daniel I.; Demirkanli, Deniz I.; Gumapas, Leo; Powell, Brian A.; Fjeld, Robert A.; Molz, Fred J.; Serkiz, Steven M. Eleven-Year Field Study of Pu Migration from Pu III, IV, and VI Sources. Environmental Science & Technology (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2005-12-06, 40 (2): 443–448. ISSN 0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es050073o (英語).