高加索伊瑪目國
高加索伊瑪目國（阿拉伯語：إمامة القوقاز )是19世紀早期至中期北高加索的伊瑪目在高加索戰爭期間與俄羅斯帝國作戰時在北高加索地區的達吉斯坦和車臣地區建立的一個國家。
高加索伊瑪目國 إمامة القوقاز | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1828—1859 | |||||||
 國旗 | |||||||
 高加索伊瑪目國地圖 | |||||||
| 地位 | Imamate | ||||||
| 常用語言 | 阿拉伯語 (官方) 東北高加索語系 西北高加索語系 庫梅克語[1] | ||||||
| 宗教 | 遜尼派 | ||||||
| 政府 | 底萬 | ||||||
| Imam | |||||||
• 1828–1832 | Ghazi Muhammad | ||||||
• 1832–1834 | Gamzat-bek | ||||||
• 1834–1859 | 伊瑪目沙米勒 | ||||||
| 歷史 | |||||||
• 高加索戰爭 | 1828 | ||||||
• 被俄羅斯帝國征服 | 1859 | ||||||
| |||||||
後期高加索伊瑪目國的伊瑪目沙米勒希望英國能支援它，但英國當局並未付諸行動。[2] 1859年，伊瑪目沙米勒向亞歷山大二世投降。
參考文獻
- ^ [T. Makarov, Tatar Grammar of the Caucasian Dialect]
- ^ Smith, Sebastian. Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya revised. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2005: 49–50 [1998] [17 June 2021]. ISBN 9780857710284. （原始內容存檔於2022-06-20）.
The highlanders' only real chance lay in foreign intervention. They could fight on for years, but they could never drive the Russians back. Only Turkish or British help could force that. There was reason to hope. [...] Shamil in particular believed that help would come from Britain, then Russia's greatest superpower rival.
There were popular support groups in England, and the newspapers were full of the highlanders' exploits. [...] Shamil had other backers. Russia and Britain were then playing what was called the 'great game,' a spy struggle for influence in Central Asia [...] Some feared Russia, using the Caucasus as the gateway to Asia, would try to invade India and for that reason Shamil must be helped to block the Russians' advance. But these cold warriors of the day never quite won the debate and although Shamil wrote polite appeals for help in letters to Queen Victoria, the answers he wanted never came.