Mali (GPU)
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Mali 是一款由ARM Holdings(ARM,安謀科技)研發設計的移動顯示晶片組(GPUs)系列。該顯示晶片組的電路設計和架構研發完全由ARM自主設計,ARM特別設立了ARM Norway(ARM挪威)顯示處理事業部來負責研發設計ARM Mali顯示晶片系列,該部門的前身是Falanx。
Mali顯示技術細節
和其他基於IP核心(IP cores)嵌入式技術的3D顯示晶片一樣,Mali顯示晶片組沒有提供特別用來驅動LCD顯示器顯示圖像的顯示控制器(類似於顯示卡),相反地,它是一個純3D顯示引擎,它將圖像載入到快取中,並且由專門負責圖像顯示處理的內建顯示核心來顯示這些圖像。
其內建的那些不同渲染API,例如OpenGL ES、OpenVG等等,都實現了shader圖像處理程式。ARM還提供了開發工具用來進行針對其顯示晶片的處理,如Mali GPU Shader Development Studio和Mali GPU User Interface Engine。
型號
Mali顯示晶片組改進自Falanx公司研發生產的顯示技術晶片組,目前Mali顯示晶片組有如下型號:
型號 | 微架構 | 發佈日期 | 核心數 | 製程 (nm) | 晶片面積(mm2) | 時鐘(MHz) | 二級快取大小 | 填充率 | 匯流排頻寬(位元組) | GFLOPS | API | 乘積累加 | 使用的晶片 | 異構系統架構/零複製 | 用途 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
百萬三角形/s | 十億像素/s | Vulkan | OpenGL ES | OpenCL | Direct3D | ||||||||||||||
Mali-55 | ? | ? | 1 | ? | ? | ? | 不適用 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 不適用 | 1.1 | 不適用 | 不適用 | 否 | ? | ? | 圖形 |
Mali-200 | Utgard[1] | 2007[2] | 1 | ? | ? | ? | 不適用 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 2.0 | |||||||
Mali-300 | ? | 1 | 40 28 |
? | 500 | 8 KiB | 55 | 0.5 | ? | 5 | |||||||||
Mali-400 MP | 2008 | 1-4 | 40 28 |
? | 500 | 256 KiB | 55 | 0.5 | ? | 5 | Amlogic S805, Allwinner H3, Rockchip RK3229 | ||||||||
Mali-450 MP | 2012 | 1-8 | 40 28 |
? | 650 | 512 KiB | 142 | 2.6 | ? | 14.6 | Amlogic S905, Allwinner H5, Rockchip RK3328, Hi3798MV200 | ||||||||
Mali-470 MP | 2015 | 1-4 | 40 28 |
? | 250 - 650 | 8–256 KiB | 71 | 0.65 | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||
Mali-T604[3] | Midgard 1st gen | ? | 1-4 | 32 28 |
? | 533 | 32–256 KiB | 90 | 0.533 | ? | 17 | 3.1 + AEP[4] | Full Profile 1.1 | DirectX 11, (9_3) | 是 | ? | 圖形 & 計算 | ||
Mali-T658[3] | ? | 1-8 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||
Mali-T622 | Midgard 2nd gen | ? | 1-2 | 32 28 |
? | 533 | ? | ? | ? | 8.5 | |||||||||
Mali-T624 | Aug 2012 | 1-4 | 32 28 |
? | 533 | ? | ? | ? | 17 | ||||||||||
Mali-T628 | Aug 2012 | 1-8 | 32 28 |
? | 533 / 695 | ? | ? | ? | 17 / 23.7 | ||||||||||
Mali-T678[5] | Aug 2012 | 1-8 | 28 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||||||||||
Mali-T720 | Midgard 3rd gen | Oct 2013 | 1-8 | 28 | ? | 450 / 600 | 32–256 KiB[6] | 650 | 5.2 | ? | 7.65 / 10.2 | Exynos 7580, MT6735, MT6753, Allwinner H6 | |||||||
Mali-T760 | Oct 2013 | 1-16 | 28 14 |
1.75 mm2(14nm)[7] | 600 | 256–2048 KiB[8] | 1300 | 10.4 | ? | 20.4[9] | 1.0[10] | 3.2[11] | Full Profile 1.2 | Direct3D 11.1, (11_1)[12] | Exynos 7420, Exynos 5433, MT6752, MT6732 | ||||
Mali-T820 | Midgard 4th gen | Q4 2015 | 1-4 | 28 | ? | 600 | 32–256 KiB[8] | 400 | 2.6 | ? | 10.2 | Direct3D 11.1, (9_3) | Amlogic S912 | ||||||
Mali-T830 | 28 | ? | 600 | 32–256 KiB[8] | 400 | 2.6 | ? | 20.4 | Exynos 7870 | ||||||||||
Mali-T860 | 1-16 | 28 | ? | 700 | 256–2048 KiB[8] | 1300 | 10.4 | ? | 23.8 | Direct3D 11.2, (11_1) | Helio P10 | ||||||||
Mali-T880 | Q2 2016 | 1-16 | 16 | ? | 700 / 850 / 900 | 256–2048 KiB[8] | 1700 | 13.6 | ? | 23.8 / 28.9 / 30.6 | Direct3D 11.2, (11_1) | Exynos 8890、Helio X20、Kirin 950、Helio P20 | |||||||
Mali-G31 | Bifrost 1st gen | 2018 Q1 | 1-6 (1 EU per core)[13] | 28 | ? | 650 | 32kB-512kB | ? | 1.3 | 10.4 | 1.3[14] | Full Profile 2.0 | Rockchip RK3326[15][16]AmLogic S905Y2, S905X2, S905X3, S905D2, Allwinner H616, H313 | ||||||
Mali-G51[17] | 2016 Q4 | 1-6 (1 uni to 3 dual)[18] | 28 16 14 12 10 |
? | 650 | ? | 3.9 | 11 (FL 9_3) |
HiSilicon Hi3751V811, HiSilicon Kirin 710 | ||||||||||
Mali-G71 | Q2 2016 | 1–32 | 16 14 10 |
? | 700-1037 | 128–2048 KiB | 1850 | 27.2 | 18.56-28.9[19] | 11 (FL 11_1) |
Kirin 960, Exynos 5 7872[20], Exynos 7 7885[21], Exynos 9 8895[22], Helio P23, Helio P30 | ||||||||
Mali-G52 | Bifrost 2nd gen | 2018 Q1 | 1-4 (2 or 3 EU per core) | 16 | ? | 850 | 6.8 | 27.2 @ 850 MHz per core (2 EU) 40.8 @ 850 MHz per core (3 EU) |
AmLogic S922X, Rockchip RK3530, Kirin 810, Helio G70, Helio G80, Helio G85, Rockchip RK3566, Rockchip RK3568, | ||||||||||
Mali-G72 | 2017 Q2 | 1–32 | 16 12 10 |
1.36 mm 2 per shader core at 10 nm[23] | 572-800 | 128–2048 KiB | 27.2 | 30.54 | 12 (FL 11_1) |
Kirin 970、Exynos 9 9810、Exynos 7 9610、Helio P60、Helio P70 | |||||||||
Mali-G76 | Bifrost 3rd gen | 2018 Q2 | 4-20 | 7 | ? | ? | 512–4096 KiB | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Kirin 980、Kirin 990、Exynos 9820、Helio G90/G90T | ||||||
Mali-G57 | Valhall 1st gen | 2019 Q2 | 1-6 | ? | ? | ? | 64–512 KiB | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Dimensity 800、Kirin 820 | ||||||
Mali-G77 | 2019 Q2 | 7-16 | 7 | 850 | 512–4096 KiB | Dimensity 1000、Exynos 990 | |||||||||||||
Mali- G68 | Valhall 2nd gen | 2020 Q2 | 1–6 | 512KB–2MB | |||||||||||||||
Mali- G78 | 2020 Q2 | 7–24 | 512KB–2MB | Kirin 9000在mp24實例中[24]. | |||||||||||||||
Mali-G310 | Valhall 3rd gen | 2021 Q2 | 2-6 | 4 | 256–1024 KiB | ||||||||||||||
Mali-G510 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mali-G610 | 1–6 | 4 | 512–2048 KiB | ||||||||||||||||
Mali-G710 | 7–16 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Mali-G615 | Valhall 4th gen | 2022 Q2 | 1-6 | 512–4096 KiB | |||||||||||||||
Mali-G715 | 7-9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Immortalis-G715 | 10-16 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mali-G620 | 5th Gen[25] | 2023 Q2 | 1–5 | 4 | 256–1024 KiB | Full Profile 3.0 | |||||||||||||
Mali-G720 | 6–9 | 4 | 512–2048 KiB | ||||||||||||||||
Immortalis-G720 | 10+ | 4 |
Lima FOSS 驅動
2012年1月21日,Phoronix報道稱Codethink最主要的開源顯示技術開發商:Luc Verhaegen已經開始嘗試為Mali顯示晶片組系列提供技術支援,特別是Mali 200 以及 Mali 400 型號。該專案稱為Lima(利馬)並且開始提供對OpenGL ES 2.0的全面支援。[26]
FOSDEM已於2012年2月4日提供主要支援,[27][28] 並且提供了 limadriver.org[永久失效連結] 網站用於展示新的研發進展。
2013年2月2的Verhaegen展示「雷神之錘III競技場」timedemo模式,於利馬驅動上執行。[29]
參見
參考
- ^ Mali Graphics Webpage; Arm Holdings.
- ^ http://www.anandtech.com/show/8234/arms-mali-midgard-architecture-explored/2
- ^ 3.0 3.1 http://www.khronos.org/assets/uploads/developers/library/2012-pan-pacific-road-show/OpenGL-and-OpenGL-ES-Taiwan_Feb-2012.pdf Khronos Group OpenGL and OpenGL ES Taiwan Feb 2012
- ^ Android Extension Pack depends on implementation of GL_ANDROID_extension_pack_es31a in the userspace driver. Supported as of r7p0
- ^ AnandTech | ARM Announces 8-core 2nd Gen Mali-T600 GPUs
- ^ depending on number of GPU shader core groups
- ^ The Samsung Exynos 7420 Deep Dive - Inside A Modern 14nm SoC. AnandTech. [2015-06-15].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 depending on number of shader core groups
- ^ 存档副本. [2016-08-30]. (原始內容存檔於2014-05-09).
- ^ Vulkan - Mali Developer Center. ARM. [2016-06-16].
- ^ Supported as of June 2016 with r12p0 userspace driver
- ^ ARM's Mali Midgard Architecture Explored. AnandTech. [2014-07-07].
- ^ Ltd., Arm. Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G31 GPU – Arm Developer. ARM Developer. [2018-11-02] (英語).
- ^ The Khronos Group. 2018-03-12 [2018-03-13] (英語).
- ^ Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司. www.rock-chips.com. [2018-06-14].
- ^ Rockchip-瑞芯微电子股份有限公司. www.rock-chips.com. [2018-06-14].
- ^ Lynch, Doug. ARM announces their second Bifrost GPU – the Mali-G51. XDA Developers. 31 October 2016 [31 October 2016].
- ^ Graphics and Multimedia Processors | Mali-G51 GPU.
- ^ GPU GFLOPS. gflops.surge.sh. [2018-06-20].
- ^ Exynos 5 Series 7872 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] (英語).
- ^ Exynos 7 Series 7885 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] (英語).
- ^ Exynos 9 Series 8895 Processor: Specs, Features | Samsung Exynos. Samsung Semiconductor. [2018-02-16] (英語).
- ^ The Exynos 9810 - Introducing Meerkat. AnandTech. [2018-02-28].
- ^ Yu, Richard. HUAWEI Mate40 Series Online Global Launch Event. October 22, 2020.
- ^ 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture.
- ^ Phoronix, Jan 27 2012: Announcing The Lima Open-Source GPU Driver
- ^ Phoronix, Jan 21 2012: An Open-Source, Reverse-Engineered Mali GPU Driver
- ^ FOSDEM schedule, Jan 21 2012: Liberating ARM's Mali GPU 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2012-01-27.
- ^ Quake 3 Arena timedemo on top of the lima driver! 互聯網檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2013-02-09.
外部連結
- MALI graphics hardware at ARM Holdings website
- Mali developer a developer site run by ARM
- Lima driver[永久失效連結]