rVSV-ZEBOV

rVSV-ZEBOV疫苗
	伊波拉病毒與rVSV-ZEBOV疫苗
疫苗說明
目標	薩伊伊波拉病毒
種類	重組疫苗
臨床資料
商品名（英語：Drug nomenclature）	Ervebo
其他名稱	V920, rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine
AHFS/Drugs.com	專業藥物信息
核准狀況	歐 EMA: yes; 美 DailyMed: Ervebo;
給藥途徑	肌肉注射
ATC碼	J07BX02 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	歐：Rx-only; 美：處方藥（℞-only）; 處方藥（℞-only）;
識別資訊
CAS號	2581749-86-0
DrugBank	DB15595 ;
ChemSpider	none;
UNII	Y9VG7O3KTT;

rVSV-ZEBOV全名重組水泡性口炎病毒-薩伊伊波拉病毒（Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus），又稱伊波拉病毒活毒疫苗（Ebola Zaire vaccine live），商品名（英語：Drug nomenclature）為Ervebo，是抗薩伊伊波拉病毒、避免人類伊波拉出血熱的疫苗^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]，在疫區對人群進行環形免疫接種（英語：ring vaccination）可有效緩解疫情^[7]^[8]^[9]。此疫苗為一重組病毒載體疫苗^[10]，成分為經基因重組、表現薩伊伊波拉病毒醣蛋白的水泡性口炎病毒（英語：Vesicular stomatitis virus）顆粒，因而可刺激人體產生對抗伊波拉病毒的免疫反應^[3]^[11]。

此疫苗最初由加拿大國家微生物實驗室研究團隊開發，於2003年申請專利^[12]^[13]，2010年授權小型製藥公司Newlink Genetics繼續研發，2014年後者又將專利售予默克藥廠^[14]。2019年此疫苗獲美國與歐盟批准使用^[4]^[15]^[11]^[16]。2018年剛果赤道省伊波拉出血熱爆發中此疫苗首次被用於控制伊波拉疫情^[17]，不久後又在該國基伍地區的嚴重疫情中被大量使用^[9]。

約有半數此疫苗的施打者出現輕度至中度的副作用，包括頭痛、疲倦、肌肉痠痛等^[7]。

參考文獻

^ Monath TP, Fast PE, Modjarrad K, et al. rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (also designated V920) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola Zaire Glycoprotein: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Vaccine: X. April 2019, 1. 100009. PMC 6668225  . PMID 31384731. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100009  .
^ Ebola Vaccine: Information about Ervebo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). February 26, 2020 [April 16, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-16）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Ervebo (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live) Suspension for intramuscular injection (PDF). Merck Sharp & Dohme. [2022-11-06]. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-29）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Ervebo EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). October 16, 2019 [March 29, 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.
^ Trad MA, Naughton W, Yeung A, et al. Ebola virus disease: An update on current prevention and management strategies. Journal of Clinical Virology. January 2017, 86: 5–13. PMID 27893999. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.005  . hdl:10144/618818  .
^ Pavot V. Ebola virus vaccines: Where do we stand?. Clinical Immunology. December 2016, 173: 44–49. PMID 27910805. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.016.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Medaglini, D; Siegrist, CA. Immunomonitoring of human responses to the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine.. Current Opinion in Virology. April 2017, 23: 88–94. PMID 28460340. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.008  .
^ Mole, Beth. As Ebola outbreak rages, vaccine is 97.5% effective, protecting over 90K people. Ars Technica. April 16, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-19）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Ebola Ring Vaccination Results April 12, 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) (報告). April 12, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-06）.
^ Marzi, Andrea; et al. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Ebola Vaccines With Improved Cross-Protective Efficacy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. November 2011, 204 (suppl 3): S1066–S1074. PMC 3203393  . PMID 21987743. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir348.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Choi MJ, Cossaboom CM, Whitesell AN, Dyal JW, Joyce A, Morgan RL, et al. Use of Ebola Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020 (PDF). MMWR Recommendations and Reports. January 2021, 70 (1): 1–12 [2022-11-06]. PMC 7802368  . PMID 33417593. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7001a1  . （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-03-20）.
^ Grady, Denise. Ebola Vaccine, Ready for Test, Sat on the Shelf. The New York Times. October 23, 2014 [December 21, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-14）.
^ Jones SM, Feldmann H, Ströher U, Geisbert JB, Fernando L, Grolla A, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nature Medicine. July 2005, 11 (7): 786–90. PMID 15937495. S2CID 5450135. doi:10.1038/nm1258.
^ Merck & Co. Licenses NewLink's Ebola Vaccine Candidate. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. November 24, 2014 [January 20, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於May 18, 2018）.
^ First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (新聞稿). December 19, 2019 [December 19, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於December 20, 2019）.
^ Ervebo. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 19, 2019 [March 28, 2020]. STN: 125690. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-29）.
^ McKenzie, David. Fear and failure: How Ebola sparked a global health revolution. CNN. May 26, 2018 [May 26, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-26）.

[1] Monath TP, Fast PE, Modjarrad K, et al. rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (also designated V920) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with Ebola Zaire Glycoprotein: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment. Vaccine: X. April 2019, 1. 100009. PMC 6668225  . PMID 31384731. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100009  .

[2] Ebola Vaccine: Information about Ervebo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). February 26, 2020 [April 16, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-16）.

[Ervebo_FDA_label-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Ervebo (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live) Suspension for intramuscular injection (PDF). Merck Sharp & Dohme. [2022-11-06]. （原始內容存檔於2020-03-29）.

[Ervebo_EPAR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Ervebo EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). October 16, 2019 [March 29, 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-08）.

[5] Trad MA, Naughton W, Yeung A, et al. Ebola virus disease: An update on current prevention and management strategies. Journal of Clinical Virology. January 2017, 86: 5–13. PMID 27893999. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.005  . hdl:10144/618818  .

[6] Pavot V. Ebola virus vaccines: Where do we stand?. Clinical Immunology. December 2016, 173: 44–49. PMID 27910805. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.016.

[Medaglini2017-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Medaglini, D; Siegrist, CA. Immunomonitoring of human responses to the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine.. Current Opinion in Virology. April 2017, 23: 88–94. PMID 28460340. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.008  .

[ars-2019-04-16-8] Mole, Beth. As Ebola outbreak rages, vaccine is 97.5% effective, protecting over 90K people. Ars Technica. April 16, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-19）.

[WHO-12-april-2019-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Ebola Ring Vaccination Results April 12, 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) (報告). April 12, 2019 [April 17, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-06）.

[JIDpaper-10] Marzi, Andrea; et al. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Ebola Vaccines With Improved Cross-Protective Efficacy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. November 2011, 204 (suppl 3): S1066–S1074. PMC 3203393  . PMID 21987743. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir348.

[CDC_MMWR_ACIP-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Choi MJ, Cossaboom CM, Whitesell AN, Dyal JW, Joyce A, Morgan RL, et al. Use of Ebola Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2020 (PDF). MMWR Recommendations and Reports. January 2021, 70 (1): 1–12 [2022-11-06]. PMC 7802368  . PMID 33417593. doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7001a1  . （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-03-20）.

[NYT2014-Oct-12] Grady, Denise. Ebola Vaccine, Ready for Test, Sat on the Shelf. The New York Times. October 23, 2014 [December 21, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-14）.

[Jones2005-13] Jones SM, Feldmann H, Ströher U, Geisbert JB, Fernando L, Grolla A, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nature Medicine. July 2005, 11 (7): 786–90. PMID 15937495. S2CID 5450135. doi:10.1038/nm1258.

[GEN2014-14] Merck & Co. Licenses NewLink's Ebola Vaccine Candidate. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. November 24, 2014 [January 20, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於May 18, 2018）.

[FDA_PR-15] First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health preparedness and response. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (新聞稿). December 19, 2019 [December 19, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於December 20, 2019）.

[16] Ervebo. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). December 19, 2019 [March 28, 2020]. STN: 125690. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-29）.

[17] McKenzie, David. Fear and failure: How Ebola sparked a global health revolution. CNN. May 26, 2018 [May 26, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-26）.

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