Rev響應元件

人類免疫缺乏病毒Rev響應元件(英語:Rev response elementRRE)是一個高度結構化的長約350核苷酸的RNA片段,位於病毒基因Env的蛋白編碼區內部。在HIV-1的輔助蛋白Rev存在的情況下,帶有RRE的HIV-1mRNA會從細胞核輸出到細胞質中,參與進一步的翻譯與病毒包裝[1][2]

RRE在HIV-1基因組中的位置:位於Env基因內部

在人類免疫缺乏病毒中的功能

 
HIV-1 RNA的出核過程:在早期(圖上部)轉錄產生的9kb RNA會剪切為 2kb RNA再運輸出核。其中一個2kb RNA會翻譯為 Rev 蛋白,再重新輸入回核內。在晚期(圖下部) Rev 蛋白會結合在新轉錄生成 9kb RNA或剪切出的4kb RNA的 RRE區域上,並幫助其輸出到細胞質。這些RNA會翻譯為HIV的晚期蛋白質,其中9kb RNA會包裝為新的病毒。

早期

HIV-1病毒基因組包括單個啟動子和多個開放閱讀框,並可以通過前mRNA的可變剪切編碼15種蛋白質[3]。整合到宿主基因組中的HIV-1原病毒轉錄一個長9kb 的前mRNA(pre-mRNA)帶有多個剪切位點和核滯留信號。在病毒循環的早期,這一前mRNA會完全剪切為不帶Rev響應元件的2kb片段。這些片段能通過標準的mRNA出核途徑運出細胞核進入細胞質[4](見右圖上部),這些2kb小mRNA中的一個能編碼HIV-1的Rev蛋白,Rev蛋白再通過其核定位信號再進入細胞核。這一期也被稱為病毒循環的Rev/RRE不依賴期[2]

晚期

在病毒循環的晚期,Rev 蛋白會進入細胞核並結合在新轉錄生成 9kb 病毒RNA(未經剪接)或4kb RNA(經過剪接)的 RRE區域上(見右圖下部),並幫助其輸出到細胞質。這些RNA會翻譯為HIV的晚期蛋白質,其中9kb RNA會包裝為新的病毒。

參考文獻

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外部連結