中国刀剑

中国的刀剑类武器在传统上可分为“”与“”两个大类。其中“剑”通常为两侧对称的双刃式设计,主要的攻击方式为/扎/截等,在英语中通常意译作“longsword”;与之相对的,“刀”一般则是一边开刃的单刃式设计,并且自宋代起刀身整体多为弯曲式,主要攻击方式为劈/砍/等,在英语中通常意译作“saber”或“knife”。

从左向右排列:春秋式剑、战国式剑、剑、剑、剑、

中国的刀剑历史最早可追溯至上古时代,最早的青铜剑于西周时期便已经出现,刀剑的材料在战国时代后期开始改为使用更为耐操的锻铁钢材。而在现代,解放军海军的仪仗刀自2008年起开始仿照中国传统刀剑的样式而设计[1][2]。除蝴蝶双刀等特殊武器之外,一般的中国刀剑在长度上通常都为70—110 cm(28—43英寸)左右,但一些情况下也会有超长的刀剑被使用[3]

除了古代中国之外,日本古代也曾在公元3至6世纪期间使用过中国式刀剑,但后者在平安时代期间逐渐演化为了日本刀并随之被其所最终取代[4]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Chinese naval academy graduates receive swords. [2023-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-10). 
  2. ^ 一部全球海军佩剑史:从中国军官配发汉剑说起|界面新闻 · JMedia. www.jiemian.com. [2023-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-26). 
  3. ^ Wagner, Donald B. Iron and Steel in Ancient China. New York, New York: E. J. Brill. 1993: 191–199. ISBN 90-04-06234-3. 
  4. ^ Sugawara, Tetsutaka; Lujian Xing. Aikido and Chinese Martial Arts: Its Fundamental Relations Vol. 1. Japan Publications Trading. 1996: 4–5. ISBN 0-87040-934-4. 

书目

  • Andrade, Tonio, The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7 .
  • Behr, Wolfgang. Stray loanword gleanings from two Ancient Chinese fictional texts. 16e Journées de Linguistique d'Asie Orientale, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques Sur l'Asie Orientale (E.H.E.S.S.), Paris. 2002: 1–6. 
  • Brindley, Erica Fox, Ancient China and the Yue, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-08478-0. 
  • Brindley, Erica Fox, Barbarians or Not? Ethnicity and Changing Conceptions of the Ancient Yue (Viet) Peoples, ca. 400–50 BC (PDF), Asia Major 16 (2): 1–32, 2003 [2023-10-26], JSTOR 41649870, (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-03-26). 
  • Coyet, Frederic, Neglected Formosa: a translation from the Dutch of Frederic Coyett's Verwaerloosde Formosa, 1975 
  • Crespigny, Rafe de, Fire Over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 AD, Brill, 2017 
  • Graff, David A., Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900, Routledge, 2002 
  • Graff, David A., The Eurasian Way of War: Military practice in seventh-century China and Byzantium, Routledge, 2016 
  • Kitamura, Takai, Zhanlue Zhanshu Bingqi: Zhongguo Zhonggu Pian, Gakken, 1999 
  • Lorge, Peter A., Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-521-87881-4 
  • Lorge, Peter, The Reunification of China: Peace through War under the Song Dynasty, Cambridge University Press, 2015 
  • Milburn, Olivia, The Glory of Yue, 2010 
  • Peers, C.J., Ancient Chinese Armies: 1500-200BC, Osprey Publishing, 1990 
  • Peers, C.J., Medieval Chinese Armies: 1260-1520, Osprey Publishing, 1992 
  • Peers, C.J., Imperial Chinese Armies (1): 200BC-AD589, Osprey Publishing, 1995 
  • Peers, C.J., Imperial Chinese Armies (2): 590-1260AD, Osprey Publishing, 1996 
  • Peers, C.J., Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC - AD 1840, Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2006 
  • Peers, Chris, Battles of Ancient China, Pen & Sword Military, 2013 
  • Perdue, Peter C., China Marches West, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005 
  • Robinson, K.G., Science and Civilization in China Volume 7 Part 2: General Conclusions and Reflections, Cambridge University Press, 2004 
  • Swope, Kenneth M., A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598, University of Oklahoma Press, 2009 
  • Wood, W. W., Sketches of China, 1830 
  • Wagner, Donald B., Iron and Steel in Ancient China, E.J. Brill, 1996 
  • Wagner, Donald B., Science and Civilization in China Volume 5-11: Ferrous Metallurgy, Cambridge University Press, 2008 
  • Wright, David, From War to Diplomatic Parity in Eleventh Century China, Brill, 2005 
  • Late Imperial Chinese Armies: 1520-1840 C.J. Peers, Illustrated by Christa Hook, Osprey Publishing «Men-at-arms», ISBN 1-85532-655-8

外部链接

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