卡罗兰城堡
卡罗兰城堡(英语:Carolands Chateau)是一栋位于美国加州希尔斯伯勒的豪宅,居住面积46,050平方英尺(4,278平方米),高4.5层楼,有98个房间,占地5.83英亩(2.36公顷)。该建筑是美国文艺复兴和美术学院派建筑的典范,也是加州历史地标,并被列入美国国家史迹名录。镀金时代建筑的豪宅包括范德比尔特家族的大理石屋、比特摩尔庄园和听涛山庄,以及加州的费罗丽庄园和汉庭顿家族的豪宅,此建筑是该时代最后建造的豪宅之一。
卡罗兰城堡 | |
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Carolands Chateau | |
别名 | Carolands, Remillard Manor, The Chateau |
词源 | Harriett Pullman Carolan |
概要 | |
建筑风格 | 美术学院派建筑 |
所属国家/地区 | 美国 |
行政区 | Hillsborough, California |
地址 | 565 Remillard |
坐标 | 37°33′19.8″N 122°22′14.7″W / 37.555500°N 122.370750°W |
动土 | 1914年 |
竣工日 | 1916年 |
翻新 | 1998–2002年 |
造价 | 估计1,000,000美元(相等于2023年的30,118,421美元)[1] |
翻新造价 | 估计20,000,000美元(相等于2023年的33,879,741美元)[2] |
所有者 |
|
高度 | |
高度 | 100英尺(30米)[13] |
尺寸 | |
其他尺寸 | 130英尺(40米) x 120英尺(37米)[13] |
设计与建造 | |
建筑师 | [11] |
翻新团队 | |
建筑翻新商 | Doug Wilson[17] |
其他设计师 | 马利欧·布阿塔(室内设计) |
其他信息 | |
房间数 | 98 |
Carolands | |
NRHP编号 | 75000478[18] |
NRHP收录 | 1975年10月21日 |
官方名称 | Carolands |
评定时间 | 1975年5月9日 |
参考编码 | 886[19] |
网站 | |
carolands | |
历史
哈莉特·普尔曼·卡罗兰
此豪宅由哈莉特·普尔曼·卡罗兰(Harriett Pullman Carolan,1869-1956年)出资建造,她是工业家乔治·普尔曼的女儿。乔治是普尔曼公司的创始人,该公司以出产豪华的铁路车厢而闻名。1892年,哈莉特·普尔曼在芝加哥与来自旧金山的弗朗西斯·卡罗兰(Francis Carolan)结婚,随他迁居加州。1912年,她在希尔斯伯勒选择了当地最高处,购买了554英亩(224公顷)的土地,可以俯瞰旧金山湾和周围山脉的景色。她计划在这片土地上建造一座花园住宅,能引起“美国的惊奇和钦佩”,且展现她精致高雅的品味。结果是受路易十四宫廷风启发的美术学院派建筑杰作。[20]
建筑师
哈莉特委托当时法国最著名的住宅设计师欧奈斯特·桑森设计这座豪宅。桑森是一位古典主义者,他对城堡外观的设计灵感来自于17世纪弗朗索瓦·芒萨尔的设计。桑森当时已经七十六岁,从未到过加州工地。哈莉特聘请了旧金山著名建筑师威利斯·波尔克担任结构设计师和施工经理,指示他忠实地执行桑森的设计。
花园由法国著名景观设计师阿希尔·杜舍纳设计。杜舍纳的作品灵感源自17世纪的景观设计大师安德烈·勒诺特尔的作品,其成名作包括凡尔赛宫、沃子爵城堡和杜乐丽花园的花园。杜舍纳最初的设计雄心勃勃,规划了数英里长的道路,穿过广阔的土地,种植数千棵灌木和树木,间以喷泉和雕像。结果该设计只有一小部分建成。
相关建筑
该庄园于1926年建了大门,守卫通往城堡的道路,1929年建成1000平方呎的门厅。该门厅于2010年在捐款者的支持下修复,供该市警局使用。[21]
凶案
该豪宅是一起奸杀案的现场。该豪宅于1985年并不对外开放,但守卫大卫·艾伦·雷利有时偷偷带人参观。1985年2月5日,两位高中生想要参观该豪宅,雷利让她们进门后强奸了两人,再砍了她们数十刀。Jeanine Grinsell因此死亡,而Laurie McKenna幸存。[22][23]
图集
外观
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城堡北侧;右方可见城堡西侧的圆顶(2013年)
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从花园看城堡西侧(2013年)
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城堡南侧可见门廊(2013年)
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从玫瑰园露台看城堡(2013年)
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门廊内部
花园
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Carolands Chateau- South Front Garden view -2013
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Carolands Chateau- Garden view West from Bordeaux Salon 2013
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Carolands Chateau- West Garden and fountains from Harriett's Bedroom balcony 2013
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Carolands Chateau- Duchêne Border Parterre 2013
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Carolands Chateau- Entry Courtyard view across Gardens 2013
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西露台和狮身人面像
内部
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修复后的大楼梯
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上层画廊和主楼梯
影视作品
1982年时,该豪宅被用来偷拍成人电影All American Girls,这是该豪宅内部现存最早的影片。[24]该片于1984年获得成人影带新闻奖三项提名,并获得最佳摄影奖。[25]
In 2006 a feature-length documentary, Three Women and a Chateau, which tells the nearly 100-year history of Carolands, premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival and was featured in seven other film festivals, winning Best Documentary (Grand Jury Award) at the Rhode Island International Film Festival.[来源请求][26]
The Heiress and Her Chateau: Carolands of California, a one-hour documentary about the chateau, first premiered January 19, 2014 on KQED-TV, and the following year was broadcast nationally on PBS. It was nominated for two Emmy Awards: Outstanding Achievement – Cultural/Historical Documentary and Outstanding Achievement - Writer. Both documentaries were made by Luna Productions.
References
Notes
- ^ Lacy-Thompson, Tony. A visit to the Downton Abbey of the San Francisco Peninsula. Regarding Arts. 19 January 2014 [19 March 2015].
- ^ Skurman, Andrew. American Landmark — Book Review: Carolands. Period Homes. July 2007, 8 (4) [19 March 2015].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 引用错误:没有为名为
NRHP
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ Silver and Gold Fittings Offered. Spokane Daily Chronicle. AP. 24 January 1950 [19 March 2015].
- ^ There is a doctor in the 110 room house. The Milwaukee Journal. 27 January 1976 [19 March 2015].
- ^ Chateau Option Dropped (PDF). The Times (San Mateo). 6 February 1976: 10 [20 March 2015].
- ^ Hillsborough's Carolands Sold To Woman Investor. Santa Cruz Sentinel. 9 April 1976 [20 March 2015].
- ^ 8.0 8.1 引用错误:没有为名为
HouseHill
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ A California developer has offered $47.2 million for properties .... UPI. 29 December 1983 [20 March 2015].
- ^ Pasta heir defends self in tax case. The Bend Bulletin. 18 September 1991 [19 March 2015].
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Lew, Julie. A Mansion Is Restored And Opens As Exhibit. the New York Times. 19 September 1991 [19 March 2015].
- ^ Carolands chateau rescued by scion of chocolate fortune. Preservation News. December 1986 [19 March 2015].
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Wilson, Marshall. Preserving A Landmark Mansion. San Francisco Chronicle. 28 February 1997 [19 March 2015].
- ^ Newsletter. California Heritage Council. May 2009 [19 March 2015].
- ^ Developer to Buy Carolands Chateau. San Francisco Chronicle. 25 January 1997 [19 March 2015].
- ^ King, Dale; Hebert, Julia. America's Downton Abbey: Chateau Carolands. South Florida Opulence. Summer 2014 [20 March 2015]. (原始内容存档于17 August 2014).
- ^ Michelson, Alan. PCAD id 9688. Pacific Coast Architecture Database. 2015 [19 March 2015].
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2006-03-15.
- ^ Carolands. Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. [2012-10-14].
- ^ History. Carolands Foundation.
- ^ https://www.hillsborough.net/341/Carolands-Gatehouse
- ^ People v. Raley, 830 P. 2d 712 - Cal: Supreme Court 1992 –通过Google Scholar.
- ^ https://www.sfgate.com/sfhistory/article/california-gilded-age-mansion-carolands-17441886.php
- ^ YouTube上的Carolands Featured in 1982 Film
- ^ All American Girls (1982) - Awards –通过IMDb.
- ^ The Heiress and Her Chateau, a PBS documentary. lunaproductions.com. [2019-09-06].
Bibliography
- California Department of Parks and Recreation, California Historical Landmarks (1981)
- California State Historic Building Code, California Senate Bill no. 2321, September, 1984
- C. Michael Hogan, Steven Wanat et al., Environmental Impact Report for the Proposed Nine Unit Subdivision at 565 Remillard Drive (Carolands Chateau Site), Hillsborough, prepared for the town of Hillsborough by Earth Metrics Inc, Burlingame, California, January 15, 1986
- Chet Rhodes, The Doomed Chateau, San Francisco Chronicle, July, 1985
- John Horgan, Carolands Chateau may be Razed, Peninsula Times, June, 1985
- Dwyer, Michael Middleton; Hales, Mick (Photographer). Carolands: Ernest Sanson, Achille Duchêne, Willis Polk. Redwood City: San Mateo County Historical Association and Institute of Classical Architecture & Art. 2006 [19 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-9785259-0-3. OCLC 77238885.
- Masson, Kathryn; Glomb, David (Photographer). California Splendor. New York: Rizzoli. 2013 [19 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-8478-3965-0. OCLC 823046128.
- Buatta, Mario; Eerdmans, Emily; Rense, Paige. Mario Buatta: Fifty Years of American Interior Decoration. New York: Rizzoli. 2013 [19 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-8478-4072-4. OCLC 832278609.
- Seymour, Ann; Hutcheson, Jack (Photographer). Deck the Halls. Gentry (Menlo Park: 18 Media). December 2008: 112–123 [20 March 2015]. ISSN 1545-7664. (原始内容 (Requires Adobe Flash Player)存档于March 4, 2016).
- D'Oench, Nancy; Martin, Bonny; Hales, Mick (Photographer). Gardens private & personal: A Garden Club of America Book. New York: Abrams. 2008. ISBN 978-0810972803. OCLC 183162315.
- Bissell, Therese; Hales, Mick (Photographer). Romancing History. Architectural Digest. 20 December 2006 [20 March 2015].
- Kho, Nancy Davis. Hillsborough's Downton Abbey. San Francisco Chronicle. 18 January 2014 [19 March 2015].