无意识行为
无意识行为（automatism、自动症、无自制行为、自动现象）是一种很少使用的刑事辩护。也是与被告的精神状态有关的精神病辩护之一种。无意识行为可以被视为缺乏自主性的，缺乏有罪性的（无意识性的）或则豁免性的。无意识行为意即被告在作出构成违法行为中的特定行为时，被告本人并不知道自己的行为是违法的。例如，1858年的英国女士"以斯帖·格力格斯（Esther Griggs）犯了夜惊症，她把她的孩子从一楼窗口中扔了出去、因她认为房子是正在着火中。[1]还有更近的一件发生在英国威尔士阿伯朴镇的露营车案例中，"布赖恩·托马斯"（Brian Thomas），他在睡梦中扼杀了他的妻子、因他亦犯有夜惊症；他误认为他的妻子是一位露营车的入侵者。无意识行为的辩护是否认这个人犯有在刑法上所要求的某种意义上属于犯行的表现。因此，无意识行为真的是一种属于"证据否定答辩"(denial-of-proof)的辩护 - 即使被告断言该犯行没有做出来。检方不必反驳有时被错误报导的辩护；检方必须证明犯行的所有要素，包括自愿性的行为要求。无意识行为是一种针对即使是严格责任犯行的辩护、也就是没有必要性意图的犯行，比如危险驾驶。
英美法中无意识行为有几个限制。先前的犯错检视通常会排除掉无意识行为。酒醉中的行为一般被排除在无意识行为之外，即使是非自愿性的（比如被人灌醉而有犯行）。任何以精神错乱为根据的辩护都属之恩纳藤法规。根据英美法，无意识行为的内部原因通常被认为是精神错乱性的无意识行为，因此导致特别的裁决（因精神错乱而判无罪），而不是简单的无罪释放。
参见
注释
参考文献
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