细胞外RNA
细胞外RNA（Extracellular RNA，简称exRNA）又称胞外RNA，泛指位于细胞外的RNA，包括环境中的RNA，以及多细胞生物组织间或体液（消化液、毒液、血液、尿液、精液、尿液等）中的RNA[1][2][3][4][5][6]，已知原核生物与真核生物皆可释放RNA到细胞外。胞外RNA的具体功能仍不清楚，但可能与个体或细胞间的讯息传递有关[7][8]。
细胞外RNA通常位于外排体等细胞外囊泡中，或是与蛋白质结合，以避免被核糖核酸酶降解。mRNA、tRNA、miRNA、siRNA与lnRNA皆有在细胞外被发现，而rRNA虽为细胞中最多的RNA，但很少出现在细胞外[9][10]。有些胞外RNA可作为癌症、糖尿病、关节炎或普利昂疾病的生物标记[11][12]。美国国家卫生院发起了细胞外RNA通讯联盟（Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium，简称ERCC）的计划以促进此领域的研究[13][14]。
参考文献
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- ^ Hanson, EK; Lubenow, H; Ballantyne, J. Identification of forensically relevant body fluids using a panel of differentially expressed microRNAs.. Analytical Biochemistry. April 15, 2009, 387 (2): 303–14. PMID 19454234. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2009.01.037.
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- ^ Valadi, H; Ekström, K; Bossios, A; Sjöstrand, M; Lee, JJ; Lötvall, JO. Exosome-mediated transfer of mRNAs and microRNAs is a novel mechanism of genetic exchange between cells.. Nature Cell Biology. June 2007, 9 (6): 654–9. PMID 17486113. doi:10.1038/ncb1596.
- ^ Noerholm, M; Balaj, L; Limperg, T; Salehi, A; Zhu, LD; Hochberg, FH; Breakefield, XO; Carter, BS; Skog, J. RNA expression patterns in serum microvesicles from patients with glioblastoma multiforme and controls.. BMC Cancer. Jan 17, 2012, 12: 22. PMC 3329625 . PMID 22251860. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-12-22.
- ^ Kosaka, N; Iguchi, H; Ochiya, T. Circulating microRNA in body fluid: a new potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.. Cancer Science. October 2010, 101 (10): 2087–92. PMID 20624164. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01650.x.
- ^ Bellingham, SA; Coleman, BM; Hill, AF. Small RNA deep sequencing reveals a distinct miRNA signature released in exosomes from prion-infected neuronal cells.. Nucleic Acids Research. November 2012, 40 (21): 10937–49. PMC 3505968 . PMID 22965126. doi:10.1093/nar/gks832.
- ^ NIH, USA. ERCC2 Projects. [26 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-22）.
- ^ Tucker, Ayanna. Research on Cellular 'Packages' Receives $900k in Federal Funding. Newsroom. Johns Hopkins Medicine. 19 August 2019 [26 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-22）.
