纤维细胞

纤维细胞(fibrocyte)是一种没有活性的间充质细胞,细胞显示出体积小的细胞质、数量有限的粗糙内质网,并且缺乏蛋白质合成的生化证据。此外,具有巨噬细胞的炎症特征和成纤维细胞的组织重塑特性。尽管它们的生物学研究只是在近年才开始进行,但在很久以前就已经提出了类纤维细胞的存在。然而直到1994年,纤维细胞才首次用于描述能够表达成纤维细胞表型的循环单核细胞衍生细胞[1]

纤维细胞与成纤维细胞并不一样。成纤维细胞是已活化的结缔组织细胞,拥有能够合成纤维基质的蛋白质(尤其是胶原蛋白)是它的特征。当组织损伤时,成纤维细胞会源自于纤维细胞,抑或源自于血管和腺体内的平滑肌细胞。成纤维细胞通常表达着平滑肌肌动蛋白,这是一种首先在平滑肌细胞中被发现,并且不见于休眠纤维细胞的肌动蛋白形式。表达这种肌动蛋白形式的成纤维细胞通常被称为肌成纤维细胞(myo-fibroblasts)。纤维细胞即代表一些能够离开血液且进入身体组织,成为成纤维细胞的血源细胞(bloodborne cell )。作为干细胞生物学的一部分,许多研究表明血液中含有源自骨髓的细胞,这些细胞可以分化为成纤维细胞。据报导这些细胞表达造血细胞表面标记CD34[2]蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶C型受体及胶原蛋白。除此之外,这些细胞可以迁移到存在伤口的部位,并且因细胞在皮肤瘢痕组织中的免疫定位,而提示其在伤口愈合中的作用[3][4]。一般认为纤维细胞介导着伤口愈合和纤维化组织修复[5][6],甚至诱导血管的生成[7]

结构

细胞标志物

纤维细胞表达几种造血细胞标志物,包括PTPRC淋巴细胞特异性蛋白-1英语LSP1[8]。纤维细胞像巨噬细胞一样,表达细胞粘附分子CD11b、CD11c和CD11d4[5]主要组织相容性复合体CD80英语CD80CD86英语CD86等抗原呈递因子[4],以及脑啡肽酶丙氨酸氨基肽酶英语Alanine aminopeptidase等细胞表面[9]。在某些情况下,还有CD163英语CD163清道夫受体英语Scavenger receptor (immunology)[9][10]。经人工培养的纤维细胞还会表达CD34[3],而该蛋白质通常由多能细胞表达,并且CD34的表达可以将纤维细胞,与巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞区分开,因为巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞不会表达CD34[11][12]。纤维细胞像成纤维细胞一样,表达胶原蛋白[12]糖胺聚糖[13]。然而与成纤维细胞相比,纤维细胞增加胶原蛋白V的产生,并且降低胶原蛋白I、III和IV的表达水平[13]。纤维细胞的糖胺聚糖谱不同于成纤维细胞,其特征是高度表达着基底膜聚糖英语Perlecan多功能蛋白聚糖英语Versican透明质酸,以及低水平的双糖链蛋白聚糖和decorin24。纤维细胞的细胞表面标记物,将促进基底膜的再生和炎性细胞的募集,而不是持续的稳态作用,并且与纤维细胞在修复中的作用一致。

参考资料

  1. ^ Reilkoff, RA; Bucala, R; Herzog, EL. Fibrocytes: emerging effector cells in chronic inflammation.. Nature reviews. Immunology. 2011-06, 11 (6): 427–35 [2020-01-16]. PMID 21597472. doi:10.1038/nri2990. 
  2. ^ Yang, L; Scott, PG; Giuffre, J; Shankowsky, HA; Ghahary, A; Tredget, EE. Peripheral blood fibrocytes from burn patients: identification and quantification of fibrocytes in adherent cells cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. 2002-09, 82 (9): 1183–92 [2020-01-16]. PMID 12218079. doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000027841.50269.61. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Bucala, R; Spiegel, LA; Chesney, J; Hogan, M; Cerami, A. Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair.. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 1994-11, 1 (1): 71–81 [2020-01-16]. PMID 8790603. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Chesney, J; Bacher, M; Bender, A; Bucala, R. The peripheral blood fibrocyte is a potent antigen-presenting cell capable of priming naive T cells in situ.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997-06-10, 94 (12): 6307–12 [2020-01-16]. PMID 9177213. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.12.6307. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Chesney, J; Metz, C; Stavitsky, AB; Bacher, M; Bucala, R. Regulated production of type I collagen and inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood fibrocytes.. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 1998-01-01, 160 (1): 419–25 [2020-01-16]. PMID 9551999. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  6. ^ Grab, DJ; Lanners, H; Martin, LN; Chesney, J; Cai, C; Adkisson, HD; Bucala, R. Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with peripheral blood fibrocytes, antigen-presenting cells with the potential for connective tissue targeting.. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 1999-01, 5 (1): 46–54 [2020-01-16]. PMID 10072447. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  7. ^ Hartlapp, I; Abe, R; Saeed, RW; Peng, T; Voelter, W; Bucala, R; Metz, CN. Fibrocytes induce an angiogenic phenotype in cultured endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis in vivo.. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2001-10, 15 (12): 2215–24 [2020-01-16]. PMID 11641248. doi:10.1096/fj.01-0049com. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  8. ^ Yang, L; Scott, PG; Dodd, C; Medina, A; Jiao, H; Shankowsky, HA; Ghahary, A; Tredget, EE. Identification of fibrocytes in postburn hypertrophic scar.. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. NaN, 13 (4): 398–404 [2020-01-16]. PMID 16008729. doi:10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130407.x. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Pilling, D; Fan, T; Huang, D; Kaul, B; Gomer, RH. Identification of markers that distinguish monocyte-derived fibrocytes from monocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts.. PloS one. 2009-10-16, 4 (10): e7475 [2020-01-16]. PMID 19834619. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007475. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  10. ^ Balmelli, C; Alves, MP; Steiner, E; Zingg, D; Peduto, N; Ruggli, N; Gerber, H; McCullough, K; Summerfield, A. Responsiveness of fibrocytes to toll-like receptor danger signals.. Immunobiology. 2007, 212 (9-10): 693–9 [2020-01-16]. PMID 18086371. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2007.09.009. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  11. ^ Phillips, RJ; Burdick, MD; Hong, K; Lutz, MA; Murray, LA; Xue, YY; Belperio, JA; Keane, MP; Strieter, RM. Circulating fibrocytes traffic to the lungs in response to CXCL12 and mediate fibrosis.. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2004-08, 114 (3): 438–46 [2020-01-16]. PMID 15286810. doi:10.1172/JCI20997. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Schmidt, M; Sun, G; Stacey, MA; Mori, L; Mattoli, S. Identification of circulating fibrocytes as precursors of bronchial myofibroblasts in asthma.. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). 2003-07-01, 171 (1): 380–9 [2020-01-16]. PMID 12817021. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.380. (原始内容存档于2020-01-16). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Bucala, R. Fibrocytes: New insights into tissue repair and systemic fibrosis. 2007-01. doi:10.1142/6163.