髌骨肌腱炎

髌骨肌腱炎
髌骨肌腱炎
又称	股四头肌肌腱病变、髌骨肌腱病变、跳跃膝、髌腱病、髌腱炎
	髌骨肌腱炎疼痛的位置
症状	膝关节前侧疼痛
并发症	髌骨肌腱断裂（英语：Patellar tendon rupture）
风险因素	跳跃运动和体重过重
诊断方法	根据症状和身体检查
鉴别诊断	奥斯戈德氏病（英语：Osgood-Schlatter disease）、髌骨下滑囊炎（英语：Infrapatellar bursitis）、髌骨软化症（英语：Chondromalacia patellae）和髌骨股骨疼痛症候群（英语：Patellofemoral pain syndrome）
治疗	休息和物理治疗
预后	恢复缓慢
患病率	发生于 14% 的运动员
分类和外部资源
医学专科	骨科、运动医学、风湿病学
ICD-9-CM	726.64
DiseasesDB	9704
eMedicine	89569
	[编辑此条目的维基数据]

髌骨肌腱炎，又称跳跃膝，是一种因过度使用造成伸直膝关节的肌腱受伤^[1]。症状包括膝关节前侧疼痛^[1]。疼痛和压痛通常发生在髌骨的下端，但也可能发生在膝盖上端^[2]。一般来说，休息时不会感到疼痛^[2]。可能的并发症包括髌骨肌腱断裂（英语：Patellar tendon rupture） ^[2]

危险因子包括参运动和体重过重^[1]。在篮球和排球等跳跃类运动的运动员中特别常见^[1] ^[2]。可能的机转是连接膝盖骨和胫骨的肌腱出现细小撕裂伤^[2]。通常由症状和身体检查诊断^[2]。其他类似病症包括髌骨下滑囊炎（英语：Infrapatellar bursitis）、髌骨软化症（英语：Chondromalacia patellae）和髌骨股骨疼痛症候群（英语：Patellofemoral pain syndrome）^[1] ^[2]。

治疗通常包括让膝盖休息和物理治疗^[2]。然而，包括休息在内的治疗，支持的研究证据不佳^[3] ^[4]。可能需要一年才会恢复^[2]。此情况相对常见，运动员中约 14% 受影响^[1]。较常发生于男性^[2]。于 1973 年首度提出“跳跃膝”一辞^[2]。

参考文献

^ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 King, D; Yakubek, G; Chughtai, M; Khlopas, A; Saluan, P; Mont, MA; Genin, J. Quadriceps tendinopathy: a review-part 1: epidemiology and diagnosis.. Annals of Translational Medicine. February 2019, 7 (4): 71. PMC 6409230  . PMID 30963066. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.01.58.
^ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 Santana, JA; Sherman, Al. Jumpers Knee. StatPearls. January 2019. PMID 30422564.
^ Mendonça, LM; Leite, HR; Zwerver, J; Henschke, N; Branco, G; Oliveira, VC. How strong is the evidence that conservative treatment reduces pain and improves function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials including GRADE recommendations.. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 6 June 2019, 54 (2): bjsports–2018–099747. PMID 31171514. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099747.
^ Saithna, Adnan; Gogna, Rajiv; Baraza, Njalalle; Modi, Chetan; Spencer, Simon. Eccentric Exercise Protocols for Patella Tendinopathy: Should we Really be Withdrawing Athletes from Sport? A Systematic Review. The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 2012-11-30, 6 (1): 553–557. ISSN 1874-3250. PMC 3522085  . PMID 23248727. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010553.

[King2019-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 King, D; Yakubek, G; Chughtai, M; Khlopas, A; Saluan, P; Mont, MA; Genin, J. Quadriceps tendinopathy: a review-part 1: epidemiology and diagnosis.. Annals of Translational Medicine. February 2019, 7 (4): 71. PMC 6409230  . PMID 30963066. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.01.58.

[Stat2019-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 ^2.14 ^2.15 Santana, JA; Sherman, Al. Jumpers Knee. StatPearls. January 2019. PMID 30422564.

[Med2019-3] Mendonça, LM; Leite, HR; Zwerver, J; Henschke, N; Branco, G; Oliveira, VC. How strong is the evidence that conservative treatment reduces pain and improves function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials including GRADE recommendations.. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 6 June 2019, 54 (2): bjsports–2018–099747. PMID 31171514. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099747.

[4] Saithna, Adnan; Gogna, Rajiv; Baraza, Njalalle; Modi, Chetan; Spencer, Simon. Eccentric Exercise Protocols for Patella Tendinopathy: Should we Really be Withdrawing Athletes from Sport? A Systematic Review. The Open Orthopaedics Journal. 2012-11-30, 6 (1): 553–557. ISSN 1874-3250. PMC 3522085  . PMID 23248727. doi:10.2174/1874325001206010553.

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