用户:Yangwenbo99/沙盒
 |
专著（英语：monograph）指专家之文字作品（与参考书相对）[1]或对单一学科或一个学科的某方面进行的展示。专著一般由单一作者（或艺术家）完成，并且通常是用于探讨学术内容。
在图书馆分类中，“专著”一词用于与定期刊物（如杂志、学术期刊及报纸）相对，故有更加广泛的含义。并非以序列方式出版的单卷书或有限卷的书都可称为专著。[2]在此语境下，小说也被称为专著。
学术专著
英语单词 "monograph" 来源于拉丁语 "monographia"，而后者又来源于希腊语。[3]英文中，"mono-" 指“单一”，而 "-graph" 指“著作”。[4]学术专著的主要目的是向有需要的读者可靠地展示研究内容，这使之与课本不同，后者的主要目的是论述某个领域的知识状况。因此，在许多学术领域，出版专著通常被认为对职业发展至关重要。专供其他研究人员使用，并且主要是由图书馆购买的，故其通常以短册形式单独出版。[5]
在英国和美国，出版者通常都假定，学术专著的读者不仅具有专门知识或丰富经验，而且还要对此著作的主体有专业上的兴趣。但具体用于区分学术专著及贸易著作的标准，则依出版社而异。[6]
生物学
在生物分类学中，专著指对某个分类阶元进行全面描述的著作。专著通常回顾一组已知物种，并且在其中加入新发现的相关物种，并收集和综合有关该组物种的生态联系、地理分布和形态变异的可用信息。
生物分类学中的第一部专著为罗伯特·莫里森在1627年写成的 Plantarum Umbelliferarum Distributio Nova[注 1]，莫里森在其中讨论了伞形科植物。[7]
艺术家专著
以“艺术家专著”[注 2]为名出版的书籍是对单一艺术家的研究，而非对艺术学科广泛的综述。
In United States Food and Drug Administration regulation
In the context of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation, monographs represent published standards by which the use of one or more substances is automatically authorized. For example, the following is an excerpt from the Federal Register: "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule in the form of a final monograph establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen drug products are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded as part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products."[8] Such usage has given rise to the use of the word monograph as a verb, as in "this substance has been monographed by the FDA".
参见
- 汇编{{NoteTag|翻译之来源[9]
- 学问论文集
- Documentation，或译“说明书”。Documentation 与使用手册的差异在于，对产品的描述不局限于指示，而包含来自不同方面的资料。
- Treatise
- Essay (学术)
注释
参考资料
- ^ Campbell, Robert; Pentz, Ed; Borthwick, Ian. Academic and Professional Publishing. 2012. ISBN 978-1-78063-309-1.
'[M]onograph' has become a generic term for a book that is not of a reference type, is of primary material and which may be multi-authored, single-authored, or an edited collection.
- ^ Harrod, Leonard Montague. Prytherch, Raymond John , 编. Harrod's librarians' glossary and reference book: a directory of over 10,200 terms, organizations, projects and acronyms in the areas of information management, library science, publishing and archive management 10th. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. 2005: 462. （原始内容存档于2020-09-03） –通过Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science.
For the purpose of library cataloging, any nonserial publication, complete in one volume or intended to be completed in a finite number of parts issued at regular or irregular intervals, containing a single work or collection of works. Monographs are sometimes published in monographic series and subseries. Compare with book.
- ^ The explanation of 'monograph' and 'monogram' in Oxford Advanced Leaners' Dictionary (8th Ed.)
- ^ The explanation of "monograph" in Online Etymology Dictionary. [5 February 2021].
- ^ Williams, Peter; Stevenson, Iain; Nicholas, David; Watkinson, Anthony; Rowlands, Ian. The role and future of the monograph in arts and humanities research. ASLIB Proceedings. 2009, 61: 67–82. doi:10.1108/00012530910932294.
- ^ Thompson, John B. Books in the Digital Age: The Transformation of Academic and Higher Education Publishing in Britain and the United States
. Cambridge: Polity Press. 2005: 84–85. ISBN 978-0745634784 –通过Internet Archive.
- ^ Vines, Sydney Howard. Robert Morison (1620–1683) and John Ray (1627–1705). Oliver, Francis Wall (编). Makers of British Botany. Cambridge University Press. 1913: 22 –通过Wikisource.
- ^ DOCID:fr21my99-6, Federal Register, Rules and Regulations 64 (98), May 21, 1999, 64 (98): 27666–27693, （原始内容 (TXT)存档于2017-02-01）
- ^ 劍橋雙語詞典對 "compendium" 的解釋.
