大数名称
維基媒體列表條目
本条目列出并讨论西方国家常用大数名词的用法和来源，及其可能的扩展。中文大数名词参见中文数字 § 大数系统。
下表列出一些可以在许多英文字典发现的大数名称，因此是“真实的单字”。其中显示的“英国传统”价值在美式英文中未被使用，而在英式英文中也已经过时，但在非英文区域，包括欧洲大陆和拉丁美洲的西班牙文国家，其他文言变体占主导地位；这两种命名方式分别称为短级差和长级差系统。
标准字典中的大数名称
| 名称 | 短级差 (美国, 东欧, 加拿大和 澳大利亚英文 以及现代英文) |
长级差 (西欧中欧, 古代英文, 和加拿大法文) |
权威性 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHD4 [1] |
CED [2] |
COD [3] |
OED2 [4] |
OEDnew [5] |
RHD2 [6] |
SOED3 [7] |
W3 [8] |
UM [9] | |||
| Million | 106 | 106 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Milliard | 109 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Billion | 109 | 1012 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Billiard | 1015 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Trillion | 1012 | 1018 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Quadrillion | 1015 | 1024 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quintillion | 1018 | 1030 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Sextillion | 1021 | 1036 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Septillion | 1024 | 1042 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Octillion | 1027 | 1048 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Nonillion | 1030 | 1054 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Decillion | 1033 | 1060 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Undecillion | 1036 | 1066 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Duodecillion | 1039 | 1072 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Tredecillion | 1042 | 1078 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Quattuordecillion | 1045 | 1084 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Quindecillion | 1048 | 1090 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Sexdecillion | 1051 | 1096 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Septendecillion | 1054 | 10102 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Octodecillion | 1057 | 10108 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Novemdecillion | 1060 | 10114 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Vigintillion | 1063 | 10120 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Centillion | 10303 | 10600 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
除了“million”（百万）以外，这个列表中的每个以“-illion”结尾的字，都是透过加入首码（来自拉丁文的bi-、tri-等等）结合词干“-illion”产生的派生字。[10]“Centillion”似乎是这些字典里以“-illion”作结尾的最大数名。[11] “Trigintillion”虽然经常在讨论大数名称被引用作为一个单字，但并未出现在上述任何字典里；而利用它所创造的更长大数名称也一样（例如 unvigintillion、duovigintillion、duoquinquagintillion 等等）。
| 名称 | 值 | 权威性 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHD4 | CED | COD | OED2 | OEDnew | RHD2 | SOED3 | W3 | UM | ||
| Googol | 10100 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Googolplex | 10googol(1010100) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Googolplexian | 10googolplex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
所有的字典都有收录 googol（古戈尔）和 googolplex（古戈尔普勒克斯），一般归功于卡司尼尔和纽曼的书和卡司尼尔的侄子。在古戈尔家族（googolduplex等等），没有比他们更高的名称。根据《牛津英语词典》的记载，googol、googolplex 和googolplexian是“不在正式的数学使用”的词文。此外，还有googolplexianth等。
二进制前缀大数名称
| 幂 | 值 | ISQ 符号 |
ISQ 首码 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10241 | Ki | Kibi- |
| 2 | 10242 | Mi | Mebi- |
| 3 | 10243 | Gi | Gibi- |
| 4 | 10244 | Ti | Tebi- |
| 5 | 10245 | Pi | Pebi- |
| 6 | 10246 | Ei | Exbi- |
| 7 | 10247 | Zi | Zebi- |
| 8 | 10248 | Yi | Yobi- |
参考资料
- ^ The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language. American Heritage Dictionary 4th. [2018-10-24]. ISBN 0-395-82517-2. （原始内容存档于2007-01-12）.
- ^ Collins English Dictionary （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, 11th Edition, HarperCollins Publishers.
- ^ Cambridge Dictionaries Online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Oxford Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, New Edition, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (subscription required), checked April 2007
- ^ The Random House Dictionary, 2nd Unabridged Edition, 1987, Random House.
- ^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition, 1993, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- ^ Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged, 1993, Merriam-Webster.
- ^ How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measures. Russ Rowlett and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [2009-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-06）.
- ^ p. 316, The History of the English Language, Oliver Farrar Emerson, New York, London: Macmillan and Co., 1894.
- ^ Entry for centillion in the American Heritage Dictionary. [2018-10-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-02）.