淡紫拟青霉菌

淡紫拟青霉菌学名Purpureocillium lilacinum)又称淡紫紫孢菌[3],是线虫草科紫孢霉属的一种真菌[4],已自土壤、沉积物、污泥、昆虫与线虫样本中采得,在摄氏8-38度的温度下皆可生长,其中以26-30度较佳,且对pH值与生长基质的耐受范围也相当广[5][6]。本种因可感染线虫而被用于对抗线虫虫害的生物防治剂

淡紫拟青霉菌
淡紫拟青霉菌的分生孢子
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 粪壳菌纲 Sordariomycetes
目: 肉座菌目 Hypocreales
科: 线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
属: 紫孢霉属 Purpureocillium
种:
淡紫拟青霉菌 P. lilacinum
二名法
Purpureocillium lilacinum
(Thom) Luangsa-ard, Hou- braken, Hywel-Jones & Samson (2011)
异名[2]

Paecillium Luangsa-ard, Hywel-Jones & Samson nom. prov. (2007)[1]
Penicillium lilacinum Thom (1910)
Penicillium amethystinum Wehmer (1923)
Spicaria rubidopurpurea Aoki (1941) Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom英语Charles Thom) Samson (1974)

分类

淡紫拟青霉菌于1910年由美国真菌学家查尔斯·索姆英语Charles Thom发表描述,当时被归入青霉属中,学名为Penicillium lilacinum[7]。1974年Robert A. Samson将其改归入拟青霉属Paecilomyces[5]。2000年代的研究发现拟青霉属非单系群[8][9],后有学者发表新属紫孢霉属Purpureocillium)并将本种分入其中,属名意指“紫色的孢子”,得名自该属真菌紫色的分生孢子[10],本种的分生孢子呈椭圆形至梭形,由菌丝末端的特化结构瓶梗产生,分散排列成链状结构,表面光滑至稍微粗糙,尚未观察到厚垣孢子;菌丝为透明,宽2.5-4微米[5]

感染线虫

 
淡紫拟青霉菌可感染多种线虫,图为根结线虫

1966年即有研究发现淡紫拟青霉菌可感染线虫的卵[11],其菌丝在线虫卵的表面上生长后可形成附着器(菌丝尖端的膨大特化结构),进而穿透卵壳、杀死线虫、并产生更多的分生孢子以继续感染周围的卵。目前淡紫拟青霉菌已自多种线虫与多个地区的土壤样本中被发现[12][13]。本种可用于生物防治以对抗线虫的虫害,秘鲁已有数个野外试验成功使用本种抑制线虫虫害[14],当地的品系进而被送至世界各地不同气候、作物的环境下进行测试[15],各品系感染线虫的毒力不同,有些品系在虽实验室测试中取得成功,但实际应用上效果不彰[16]

致病

淡紫拟青霉菌在少数情况下可感染人类致病[17][18],大多数患者为免疫缺乏者或体内留置医疗器具(如人工晶状体)者[19][20],有研究显示本种可能为感染免疫缺乏与免疫正常者的新兴病原[21][22]

参考文献

  1. ^ Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson TH (编). Compendium of Soil Fungi 2nd. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. 2007: 322. ISBN 978-3-9803083-8-0. 
  2. ^ Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson 1974. MycoBank. International Mycological Association. [2011-07-17]. 
  3. ^ 王毅、王娟、王四海、李云琴、原晓龙、陈中华. 蒜头果的内生真菌多样性分析. 基因组学与应用生物学. 2018, 9 [2022-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-17). 
  4. ^ Spatafora; et al. New 1F1N Species Combinations in Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales). IMA Fungus. 2015, 6 (2): 357–362. PMC 4681259 . PMID 26734546. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.07. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Samson RA. Paecilomyces and some allied hyphomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 1974, 6: 58. 
  6. ^ Anderson TH, Domsch KH, Gams W. Compendium of Soil Fungi. Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd. 1995. ISBN 978-3-9803083-8-0. 
  7. ^ Thom C. Cultural studies of species of penicillium. Bulletin of the Bureau of Animal Industry US Department of Agriculture. 1910, 118: 73. 
  8. ^ Inglis PW, Tigano MS. Identification and taxonomy of some entomopathogenic Paecilomyces spp. (Ascomycota) isolates using rDNA-ITS Sequences (PDF). Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2006, 29 (1): 132–6 [2022-07-17]. doi:10.1590/s1415-47572006000100025 . (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-24). 
  9. ^ Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW. Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology. 2007, 57 (1): 5–59. PMC 2104736 . PMID 18490993. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. 
  10. ^ Luangsa-Ard J, Houbraken J, van Doorn T, Hong SB, Borman AM, Hywel-Jones NL, Samson RA. Purpureocillium, a new genus for the medically important Paecilomyces lilacinus. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 2011, 321 (2): 141–9. PMID 21631575. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02322.x . 
  11. ^ Lysek H. Study of biology of geohelminths. II. The importance of some soil microorganisms for the viability of geohelminth eggs in the soil. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. 1996, 40: 83–90. 
  12. ^ Stirling, GR. Biological Control of Plant Parasitic Nematodes. UK: CABI Publishing. 1991: 282. 
  13. ^ Stirling GR, West LM. Fungal parasites of root-knot nematode eggs from tropical and sub-tropical regions of Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology. 1991, 20 (4): 149–54. S2CID 34778287. doi:10.1071/APP9910149. 
  14. ^ Jatala P, Kaltenbach R, Bocangel M. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita acrita and Globodera pallida on potatoes. Journal of Nematology. 1979, 11: 303. 
  15. ^ Jatala P. Biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology. 1986, 24: 453–89. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.002321. 
  16. ^ Gomes Carniero RMD, Cayrol J. Relationship between inoculum density of the nematophagous fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus and control of Meloidogyne arenaria on tomato. Revue de Nématologie. 1991, 14 (4): 629–34. 
  17. ^ Saberhagen C, Klotz SA, Bartholomew W, Drews D, Dixon A. Infection due to Paecilomyces lilacinus: a challenging clinical identification. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 1997, 25 (6): 1411–3. PMID 9431388. doi:10.1086/516136. 
  18. ^ Westenfeld F, Alston WK, Winn WC. Complicated soft tissue infection with prepatellar bursitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an immunocompetent host: case report and review. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1996, 34 (6): 1559–62. PMC 229063 . PMID 8735119. doi:10.1128/JCM.34.6.1559-1562.1996. 
  19. ^ O'Day DM. Fungal endophthalmitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus after intraocular lens implantation. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1977, 83 (1): 130–1. PMID 299984. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(77)90206-9. 
  20. ^ Pettit TH, Olson RJ, Foos RY, Martin WJ. Fungal endophthalmitis following intraocular lens implantation. A surgical epidemic. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1980, 98 (6): 1025–39. PMID 7190003. doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020031015002. 
  21. ^ Safdar A. Progressive cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Paecilomyces lilacinus: rapid response to treatment with caspofungin and itraconazole. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2002, 34 (10): 1415–7. PMID 11981740. doi:10.1086/340260 . 
  22. ^ Carey J, D’Amico R, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG. Paecilomyces lilacinus vaginitis in an immunocompetent patient.. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 [2022-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2009-11-05).