纤溶酶

Plasminogen
纤溶酶原
Plasminogen; 纤溶酶原
	PDB rendering based on 4dur.
有效结构
PDB	直系同源检索：PDBe, RCSB
PDB查询代码列表
	1B2I, 1BML, 1BUI, 1CEA, 1CEB, 1DDJ, 1HPJ, 1HPK, 1I5K, 1KI0, 1KRN, 1L4D, 1L4Z, 1PK4, 1PKR, 1PMK, 1QRZ, 1RJX, 2DOH, 2DOI, 2KNF, 2L0S, 2PK4, 3UIR, 4A5T, 4DCB, 4DUR, 4DUU, 5HPG
标识
代号	PLG; DKFZp779M0222
扩展标识	遗传学：173350 鼠基因：97620 同源基因：55452 ChEMBL: 1801 GeneCards: PLG Gene
EC编号	3.4.21.7
基因本体论描述
分子功能	· serine-type endopeptidase activity; · protein binding; · serine-type peptidase activity; · protein domain specific binding; · apolipoprotein binding;
细胞成分	· extracellular region; · extracellular space; · plasma membrane; · cell surface; · platelet alpha granule lumen; · extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane; · extracellular vesicular exosome; · blood microparticle;
生物过程	· platelet degranulation; · blood coagulation; · negative regulation of cell proliferation; · negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion; · extracellular matrix disassembly; · platelet activation; · extracellular matrix organization; · tissue regeneration; · fibrinolysis; · cellular protein metabolic process; · myoblast differentiation; · muscle cell cellular homeostasis; · tissue remodeling; · proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process; · negative regulation of fibrinolysis; · positive regulation of fibrinolysis; · trophoblast giant cell differentiation; · labyrinthine layer blood vessel development; · mononuclear cell migration; · negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA表达模式
	更多表达数据
直系同源体
物种	人类
Entrez	5340
Ensembl	ENSG00000122194
UniProt	P00747
mRNA序列	NM_000301
蛋白序列	NP_000292
基因位置	Chr 6:; 161.12 – 161.17 Mb
PubMed查询	[1]
	查; 论; 编;

纤溶酶（英语：Plasmin，EC 3.4.21.7），或译为血浆酶、胞浆素。是血浆中的一种重要酶用以降解许多血浆蛋白，包括纤维蛋白凝块。纤维蛋白的降解被称为纤溶作用（英语：fibrinolysis）。在人类中，纤溶酶是由PLG 基因转译而成^[1]

功能

纤维蛋白溶解（简化）。蓝色箭头表示刺激，红色箭头表示抑制。

纤溶酶与胰蛋白酶同属一种丝氨酸蛋白酶，可以降解血栓。除了纤溶作用之外，纤溶酶也可透过多种方式降解其他蛋白质，例如活化胶原蛋白酶（英语：collagenase），或是某些补体调控物质。纤溶酶也能促使滤泡壁弱化，进而促进排卵。纤溶酶能够降解纤维蛋白、纤连蛋白、thrombospondin（英语：thrombospondin）、层蛋白，以及von Willebrand因子（英语：von Willebrand factor）。

病理学

缺乏纤溶酶会造成血栓无法及时溶解，进而导致血栓形成。另外，缺乏纤溶酶原的大鼠也会有肝脏修复障碍^[2]、伤口愈合障碍，及生殖功能异常等问题^{[来源请求]}。

人类有种罕见疾病称为第一型纤溶酶原缺损症（英语：plasminogen deficiency type I）（OMIM 217090），即是因PLG基因变异，患者常会发生木样结膜炎（英语：ligneous conjunctivitis）。

交互作用

纤溶酶能与Thrombospondin 1（英语：Thrombospondin 1）^[3]^[4]、Alpha 2-antiplasmin（英语：Alpha 2-antiplasmin）^[5]^[6]，和IGFBP3（英语：IGFBP3）^[7]进行交互作用。

参考文献

^ Entrez Gene: plasminogen. （原始内容存档于2019-09-13）.
^ Bezerra JA, Bugge TH, Melin-Aldana H, Sabla G, Kombrinck KW, Witte DP, Degen JL. Plasminogen deficiency leads to impaired remodeling after a toxic injury to the liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America). December 21, 1999, 96 (26): 15143–8 [2016-03-04]. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9615143B. PMC 24787  . PMID 10611352. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15143. （原始内容存档于2014-02-28）.
^ Silverstein RL, Leung LL, Harpel PC, Nachman RL. Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with plasminogen. Modulation of activation by tissue activator. J. Clin. Invest. November 1984, 74 (5): 1625–33. PMC 425339  . PMID 6438154. doi:10.1172/JCI111578.
^ DePoli P, Bacon-Baguley T, Kendra-Franczak S, Cederholm MT, Walz DA. Thrombospondin interaction with plasminogen. Evidence for binding to a specific region of the kringle structure of plasminogen. Blood. March 1989, 73 (4): 976–82. PMID 2522013.
^ Wiman B, Collen D. On the mechanism of the reaction between human alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin. J. Biol. Chem. September 1979, 254 (18): 9291–7. PMID 158022.
^ Shieh BH, Travis J. The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin. J. Biol. Chem. May 1987, 262 (13): 6055–9. PMID 2437112.
^ Campbell PG, Durham SK, Suwanichkul A, Hayes JD, Powell DR. Plasminogen binds the heparin-binding domain of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3. Am. J. Physiol. August 1998, 275 (2 Pt 1): E321–31. PMID 9688635.

延伸阅读

Shanmukhappa K, Mourya R, Sabla GE, Degen JL, Bezerra JA. Hepatic to pancreatic switch defines a role for hemostatic factors in cellular plasticity in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. July 2005, 102 (29): 10182–7. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10210182S. PMC 1177369  . PMID 16006527. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501691102.
Anglés-Cano E, Rojas G. Apolipoprotein(a): structure-function relationship at the lysine-binding site and plasminogen activator cleavage site. Biol. Chem. 2002, 383 (1): 93–9. PMID 11928826. doi:10.1515/BC.2002.009.
Ranson M, Andronicos NM. Plasminogen binding and cancer: promises and pitfalls. Front. Biosci. 2003, 8: s294–304. PMID 12700073. doi:10.2741/1044.

外部链接

The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.233 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
医学主题词表（MeSH）：Plasmin

纤溶酶引用了美国国家医学图书馆提供的资料，这些资料属于公共领域。

Template:Beta globulins Template:Coagulation

[entrez-1] Entrez Gene: plasminogen. （原始内容存档于2019-09-13）.

[2] Bezerra JA, Bugge TH, Melin-Aldana H, Sabla G, Kombrinck KW, Witte DP, Degen JL. Plasminogen deficiency leads to impaired remodeling after a toxic injury to the liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America). December 21, 1999, 96 (26): 15143–8 [2016-03-04]. Bibcode:1999PNAS...9615143B. PMC 24787  . PMID 10611352. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15143. （原始内容存档于2014-02-28）.

[pmid6438154-3] Silverstein RL, Leung LL, Harpel PC, Nachman RL. Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with plasminogen. Modulation of activation by tissue activator. J. Clin. Invest. November 1984, 74 (5): 1625–33. PMC 425339  . PMID 6438154. doi:10.1172/JCI111578.

[pmid2522013-4] DePoli P, Bacon-Baguley T, Kendra-Franczak S, Cederholm MT, Walz DA. Thrombospondin interaction with plasminogen. Evidence for binding to a specific region of the kringle structure of plasminogen. Blood. March 1989, 73 (4): 976–82. PMID 2522013.

[pmid158022-5] Wiman B, Collen D. On the mechanism of the reaction between human alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin. J. Biol. Chem. September 1979, 254 (18): 9291–7. PMID 158022.

[pmid2437112-6] Shieh BH, Travis J. The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin. J. Biol. Chem. May 1987, 262 (13): 6055–9. PMID 2437112.

[pmid9688635-7] Campbell PG, Durham SK, Suwanichkul A, Hayes JD, Powell DR. Plasminogen binds the heparin-binding domain of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3. Am. J. Physiol. August 1998, 275 (2 Pt 1): E321–31. PMID 9688635.

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