葡萄糖淀粉酶

葡萄糖淀粉酶(glucoamylase)又称γ-淀粉酶(gamma-amylase)、淀粉葡糖苷酶(amyloglucosidase,AMG),全名葡聚糖 1,4-α-葡糖苷酶,是一种酸性的单链外切型糖苷水解酶,不仅能催化淀粉水解为葡萄糖,还能从淀粉糖链的非还原末端 (即不可以形成半缩醛羟基) 切下葡萄糖分子[1]。γ-淀粉酶存在于动物(小肠)、微生物中。

葡萄糖淀粉酶目前已在食品、医药和发酵工业等领域得到广泛的应用[2][3][4]工业上应用的葡萄糖淀粉酶主要来自于曲霉属根霉属,极少来自于镰孢菌属。例如半裸镰刀菌 (Fusarium Semitectum) [5]尖孢镰刀菌[5]茄镰孢菌英语Fusarium solani[6]、蔗草镰刀菌 (Fusarium scirpi) [6]及串珠镰刀菌 (Fusarium moniliforme) [7]等,故而不同来源的的性质也存在着差异。离子及离子等二价金属离子一般对葡萄糖淀粉酶的活性有激活作用,然而离子、离子及离子等二价金属离子对葡萄糖淀粉酶的活性有抑制作用,视乎葡萄糖淀粉酶的来源[3]

参考资料

  1. ^ Sauer, J; Sigurskjold, BW; Christensen, U; Frandsen, TP; Mirgorodskaya, E; Harrison, M; Roepstorff, P; Svensson, B. Glucoamylase: structure/function relationships, and protein engineering.. Biochimica et biophysica acta. 2000-12-29, 1543 (2): 275–293 [2019-12-24]. PMID 11150611. doi:10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00232-6. (原始内容存档于2019-12-24). 
  2. ^ Nguyen, Quang D; Rezessy-Szabó, Judit M; Claeyssens, Marc; Stals, Ingeborg; Hoschke, Ágoston. Purification and characterisation of amylolytic enzymes from thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus strain ATCC 34626. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2002-08, 31 (3): 345–352. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00128-X. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Pandey, A; Nigam, P; Soccol, CR; Soccol, VT; Singh, D; Mohan, R. Advances in microbial amylases.. Biotechnology and applied biochemistry. 2000-04, 31 (2): 135–52 [2019-12-24]. PMID 10744959. doi:10.1042/ba19990073. (原始内容存档于2019-12-24). 
  4. ^ Kumar, P; Satyanarayana, T. Microbial glucoamylases: characteristics and applications.. Critical reviews in biotechnology. 2009, 29 (3): 225–55 [2019-12-24]. PMID 19708824. doi:10.1080/07388550903136076. (原始内容存档于2019-12-24). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 ., Altaf Hussain; ., Zafar Iqbal Khan; ., Dr. Ejaz Rasul. Isolation and Screening of Amylolytic and Pectinolytic Fungi from Soil. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 1999-03-01, 2 (3): 974–975. doi:10.3923/pjbs.1999.974.975. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 BHATTI H N;RASHID M H;NAWAZ R,et al.Purification and characterization of a novel glucoamylase from Fusarium solani.Food Chemistry.2007,103(2):338-43.
  7. ^ Figueira, Edson Luiz Zangrando; Hirooka, Elisa Yoko. Culture medium for amylase production by toxigenic fungi. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 2000, 43 (5): 461–67. doi:10.1590/S1516-89132000000500003.