费城牛肉起士三明治
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费城牛肉起士三明治（英语：Cheesesteak、Philadelphia cheesesteak、Philly cheesesteak、cheesesteak sandwich、cheese steak、steak and cheese）是费城一带流行的快餐[1]。将切得很薄的牛肉片加上融化的起士，夹在一种长形面包（hoagie roll）里做成三明治。[2][3]
 费城牛肉起士三明治 | |
| 别称 | Philadelphia cheesesteak, Philly cheesesteak |
|---|---|
| 上菜顺序 | 主餐 |
| 起源地 | 美国 |
| 地区 | 费城 |
| 发明者 | Pat & Harry Olivieri |
| 上菜温度 | 热食 |
| 主要成分 | 牛肉片、起士、面包 |
| 菜品变种 | 多种 |
| 759 千卡 (3178 千焦) | |
历史
根据一本1987年费城图书馆公司（Library Company of Philadelphia）出版的展览目录以及费城历史学会（Historical Society of Pennsylvania）表示，费城牛肉起士三明治发源自20世纪初期，“在一小条面包上添加香煎牛肉、洋葱和起士”。[4]
费城居民，帕特与哈利（Pat and Harry Olivieri）常被认为是费城牛肉起士三明治的发明者，他们在1930年早期，贩售一种碎牛肉夹入意式面食包做成的三明治。[5][6][7]但实际上仍有争议，帕特和哈利原本经营一个热狗摊，某天他们做了一种加碎牛肉和烤洋葱的新款三明治。确切的故事众说纷纭，但据其中一种说法，帕特正在吃这个三明治的时候，一个计程车司机刚好路过，而且对这个三明治很有兴趣，所以也点了一份。吃过以后，计程车司机建议他们不要再卖热狗，只卖新的三明治就好了。[6][8]于是位于费城南边意大利市场附近的热狗摊，就开始贩卖这种牛排三明治。他们生意越来越好，帕特之后就开了名为Pat's King of Steaks的餐厅，至今仍在营业。[9]原本的三明治不含起士；店家表示：最先把波罗伏洛起士加进三明治的人是店址还在瑞吉大道（Ridge Avenue）时，一位名为Joe "Cocky Joe" Lorenza的经理。[10]
费城牛肉起士三明治无论在餐厅或小吃摊都是热门菜色，费城市区有很多店家都是家族独资经营的。[11][12]很多连锁快餐店会供应牛肉起士三明治。[13]高级餐厅也有各自的三明治版本。[14]许多费城外的店家在称呼这种三明治时，会特别加上“费城”二字。[8]
参考资料
- ^ Greater Philadelphia Tourism Marketing Corporation. Philadelphia – African American Visitor's Guide and its suburbs (PDF). 21 November 2008 [2012-09-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-12-10）.
- ^ Pham, K.; Shen, P.; Phillips, T. (2014). Food Truck Road Trip--A Cookbook: More Than 100 Recipes Collected from the Best Street Food Vendors Coast to Coast. Page Street Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62414-087-7.
- ^ Fodor's Travel Publications, I.; Jabado, S.C. (2010). Fodor's 2010 Philadelphia & the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's Travel Pub. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4000-0877-3.
- ^ Hines, Mary Anne; Marshall, Gordon; Weaver, William Woys (1987). The Larder Invaded. The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. ISBN 0-914076-70-1.
- ^ Stuhldreher, Katie. "Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court". Philly.com. Philly Online, LLC. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Andrew F. Smith, ed. (2007). The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink. Oxford University Press. p. 451. ISBN 0195307968.
- ^ Stuhldreher, Katie (30 July 2007). "Rick's Steaks takes Reading Terminal Market dispute to court". philly.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Ivory, Karen (2011). Philadelphia Icons: 50 Classic Views of the City of Brotherly Love. Globe Pequot. p. 18. ISBN 0762767650.
- ^ Epting, Chris (2009). The Birthplace Book: A Guide to Birth Sites of Famous People, Places, & Things. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0811740188.
- ^ Fiorillo, Victor (15 December 2008). "The Cheesesteak Cometh". Philadelphia Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-07-18. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
- ^ Brookes, Karin; et al. (2005). Zoë Ross, ed. Insight Guides: Philadelphia and Surroundings (Second (Updated) ed.). APA Publications. ISBN 1-58573-026-2.
- ^ Price, Betsy (10 July 2009). "Tour de cheesesteak". The News Journal. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
- ^ Hein, Kenneth (22 January 2009). "Domino's, Subway Battle Heats Up". Brandweek. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
- ^ Horowitz, Rachel (11 April 2004). "Cheesesteak raises eyebrows and drains wallets". The Daily Pennsylvanian. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
