费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德
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费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德船长Fernão Pires de Andrade或Fernão Perez de Andrade,?—1552年),[1]葡萄牙商人及官员。他于满剌加总督及探险家阿方索·德·阿尔布克尔克旗下效力。
葡萄牙语:生平
安笃拉笃与明朝于1517年(明正德十二年八月)的交涉,得到两广总督陈金许可进入广州;不久这批包括安笃拉笃的葡萄牙人被明朝命令驱逐。这次交涉为近代中国与近代欧洲接触的开端。 由拉斐尔·佩雷斯特雷洛前往广州贸易后带回的报告后,安德拉德决定改变原先前往孟加拉的计划,改道中国为开拓葡中之间的贸易和外交往来但当使者。他被称为“佛朗机”(Folangji)。在明朝的史籍中,外语“Folangji”一词来自另一个词“Franques”——一个来自回教徒对欧洲人的称呼。
费尔南之弟是西芒·德·安德拉德。
参见
备注
- ^ :香港电台广播节目《中华五千年第四百八十六集·佛郎机东来》当中费尔南·佩雷兹·德·安德拉德船长以粤语翻译作甲必丹·费南·佩剌·安笃拉笃。《明史》有“佛郎机,近满剌加。正德中,据满剌加地,逐其王。十三年遣使臣加必丹末等贡方物,请封,始知其名。”的记载。
- ^ :有的文献翻译成佛芒·佩雷玆·德·安德拉德。
- ^ :1911年版大英百科全书写作Fernão Pires de Andrade。
- ^ :香港电台广播节目《中华五千年第四百八十六集·佛郎机东来》。节目提及佩雷斯、火者亚三、安德拉德、两广总督陈大人等人,满剌加、屯门等地。
- ^ Andrade, Fernão Peres de, -1552. Library of Congress Name Authority File. [2018-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-16).
延伸阅读
- Brook, Timothy. (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22154-0 (Paperback).
- Dames, Mansel Longworth. (2002) The Book of Duarte Barbosa. New Delhi: J. Jelley; Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0451-2
- Dion, Mark. "Sumatra through Portuguese Eyes: Excerpts from João de Barros' 'Decadas da Asia'," Indonesia (Volume 9, 1970): 128–162.
- Douglas, Robert Kennaway. (2006). Europe and the Far East. Adamant Media Corporation. ISBN 0-543-93972-3.
- Madureira, Luis. "Tropical Sex Fantasies and the Ambassador's Other Death: The Difference in Portuguese Colonialism," Cultural Critique (Number 28; Fall of 1994): 149–173.
- Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
- Nowell, Charles E. "The Discovery of the Pacific: A Suggested Change of Approach," The Pacific Historical Review (Volume XVI, Number 1; February, 1947): 1–10.
- Williams, S. Wells. (1897). A History of China: Being the Historical Chapters From "The Middle Kingdom". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
- Wills, John E., Jr. (1998). "Relations with Maritime Europe, 1514–1662," in The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2, 333–375. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24333-5.
- Wolff, Robert S. "Da Gama's Blundering: Trade Encounters in Africa and Asia during the European 'Age of Discovery,' 1450-1520," The History Teacher (Volume 31, Number 3; May 1998): 297–318.