维基百科

金属核

金属核（Metalcore）是一个金属乐的子类型，结合了极端金属与硬核朋克。金属核这个词大约是在1990年代中期出现，由极端金属的“金属”与硬核的“蕊”组成，而这些类型乐团有Earth Crisis、Deadguy、Integrity。[1]这些早期的乐团，像是Integrity，最早在1988年表演，当时玩这类型的乐团有终极杀戮乐团（Killswitch Engage）、叛客魔咒乐团（Underoath）、All That Remains、 混种魔兽乐团（Trivium）、As I Lay Dying、致命情人乐团（Bullet for My Valentine）与The Devil Wears Prada。[2]

金属核
风格起源混合鞭挞、硬核朋克、极端金属
文化起源1980年代中期的美国
典型乐器吉他、贝斯、鼓 (双踏)、歌唱
类型分支
数学核（Mathcore）
旋律金属核（melodic metalcore）
融合类型
死核（Deathcore）
前卫金属核(Progressive metalcore)
新金属核 (Nu Metalcore)
电子核 (Electronicore）
地区乐坛
马萨诸塞州、新泽西州、纽约
其他主题
后硬核、Beatdown（英语：Beatdown）、直刃族、朋克金属（Punk Metal）

金属核和其他融合朋克金属的音乐，不同之处在于：他更强调Breakdown[3]。Breakdown是一种较缓慢，节奏却强烈的曲段，通常会使听者做“冲撞”（Mosh Pit）的动作。[4]在过去的五年中，冲撞这个动作已经由乐团Sepultura立为金属核表演中不成文的传统。[5]关于冲撞，他则是一种在舞台前方，对空气拳打脚踢、观众互相碰撞的动作。2018年10月18日，Alex Varkatzas，Atreyu的主唱，在Rock Sound Magazine的采访中错误地说他们发明了金属核心。[6]

历史

先驱 (1977–1984)

主条目：硬核朋克

Black Flag[7]与Bad Brains[8]这些硬核的先锋，相当欣赏乐团黑色安息日，进而开始模仿他们。美国街头朋克乐团，如Discharge、The Exploited都从重金属乐获得启发。[9]乐团Misfits发行的《Earth A.D.》成为影响鞭挞金属最大的一张专辑。[10]然而，朋克与金属的音乐文化在1980年代中期以前，仍有区别。

混合鞭挞 (1984–1988)

在金属与硬核的交互影响下，混合鞭挞（Crossover Thrash）就这么诞生了。1984年，在加州柏克莱的一间叫作Ruthie's的俱乐部。[11]，“金属核”这个词原先就是来形容这些混合金属与硬核的乐团。[12]硬核朋克团体Corrosion of Conformity[13]、Dirty Rotten Imbeciles和Suicidal Tendencies[14]也开始与一些鞭挞金属乐团如金属制品（Metallica）、超级杀手合唱团（Slayer）同台演出。这样的背景影响了纽约硬核的光头党们，纽约硬核始自1984年，这些团体有Cro-Mags、Murphy's Law、Agnostic Front[15]与Warzone[16]。其中受影响最大的乐团The Cro-Mags，被等同于Bad Brains、摩托头（Motörhead）和黑色安息日。[17]Cro-Mags同样融合了直刃族（straight edge），令人惊讶的还有奎师那意识（Krishna consciousness）.[18]其他纽约直刃族们，包括Gorilla Biscuits、Crumbsuckers与Youth of Today[19]，也加入了Youth Crew风格。[20]到了1985年，Breakdown开始在硬核音乐发展，他是一种Bad Brains的雷鬼与金属背景的结合[4]，使得观众做出“冲撞”的动作。Agnostic Front发行于1986年的专辑《Cause for Alarm》与歌德金属乐团Type O Negative成员Peter Steele合作，正是一个硬核与金属交融的分水岭。[21]

 
2008年Converge在位于西雅图的Neumo

金属化的硬核 (1989–1995)

1989与1995年之间，一群新潮的硬核乐团出现了。[2]这些乐团有Merauder、All Out War、[22] 、Integrity、[23]Biohazard、Earth Crisis、[23][24] Converge、[24]Shai Hulud、[25][26][27]Starkweather、Judge、[24]Strife、[23]Rorschach、[28]Vision of Disorder、[28]与暴种乐团（Hatebreed）。[23][28][28]Integrity受到日本硬核团体GISM与金属乐团超级杀手合唱团（Slayer）影响，乐团Septic Death、Samhain、摩托头（Motörhead）与欢乐分队（Joy Division）多少也影响他们。[29]同时，Earth Crisis、Converge与暴种乐团（Hatebreed）[30]从死亡金属得到启发。[31]乐团Shai Hulud的作品《Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion》[25][26][27]和Earth Crisis发行于1995年的《Destroy the Machines》尤其能看见这样的影响。[32]吉他手Scott Crouse之言：

这是一个混合的的反应。我时常把Earth Crisis说为第一个带有金属味的硬核乐团。当然，我们不是第一个，但我想，我们的确将硬核提升到另一个层次。我常听见人们说：‘这些小子想把自己当潘特拉合唱团（Pantera）！’对我们来说，这真是个赞美！[32]

Biohazard、Coalesce、[33]、Overcast也是早期重要的金属核乐团。他们被归类为“金属化硬核”（Metallic Hardcore）[34][35]如同媒体记者Lars Gotrich所写的：“乐团Dillinger Escape Plan、Botch与Give Them Rope的几张关键作品，正是一个地下音乐的里程碑，帮助那些金属核的先锋。在听起来太过还原的风险下－太迟了－在极端金属与硬核的碰头下，金属核自然而然的行成了，在快速加剧的拍号中，这些音乐听起来更为激进。”[36]

旋律金属核 (1995–至今)

1990年代早期，第三波的新生金属核乐团出现了，这些乐团更着重在音乐旋律上。他们结合旋律死亡金属、硬核朋克、Emo。[37]旋律金属核（Melodic metalcore）的乐团有Atreyu、[37][38][39] 七级炼狱乐团（Avenged Sevenfold）、[39] Darkest Hour、Eighteen Visions、[38]终极杀戮乐团（Killswitch Engage）、[37][40]和Poison the Well。[38]这些乐团最主要是受到瑞典旋死乐团，尤其是At the Gates、[38]邪神大敌乐团（Arch Enemy）、烈焰邪神乐团（In Flames）和撒旦之作乐团（Soilwork）。[41]旋律金属核，往往都会使用清腔。[40][42][43]部分的旋律金属核，如魅影魔星乐团（Shadows Fall），受到美国80年代华丽金属的唱腔。[44]旋律金属核他们被形容为“重回80年代金属的老调”一般，“一堆的排烟机、过多的独奏（和）三个爵士鼓”。[39]

特征

金属核以其使用Breakdown而闻名，其中之前是重型硬核。[45]金属核歌手通常会尖叫，[46] 在20世纪80年代发展起来的声乐技术，是具有20世纪90年代的金属核核心特征。

参考资料

  1. ^ Shai Hulud, interview with Punknews.org - 05/28/08. [2008-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-16）. As far as coining the term 'metalcore' or coining a sound, I don’t think we did. There were bands before Shai Hulud started that my friends and I were referring to as 'metalcore'. Bands like Burn, Deadguy, Earth Crisis, even Integrity. These bands that were heavier than the average hardcore bands. These bands that were more progressive than the average hardcore band. My friends and I would always refer to them as 'metalcore' because it wasn’t purely hardcore and it wasn’t purely metal. It was like a heavier hardcore band with hardcore ethics and attitude but clearly a metal influence. So we would joke around and say 'Hey, it’s metalcore. Cool!' But it was definitely a tongue-in-cheek term. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene. Alternative Press. July 7, 2008: 110, 118. 
  3. ^ "The best part of every metalcore song is the breakdown, the part where the drums drop out and the guitars slow their frantic gallop to a devastating, precise crunch-riff and everyone in the moshpit goes extra nuts." - Tom Breihan. "Status Ain't Hood". "Live: Trivium, the Jackson 5 of Underground Metal" 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2010-01-17.. The Village Voice. Daily Voice. October 11, 2006. Access date: July 21, 2008.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 "Mosh style was slower, very tribal – like a Reggae beat adapted to Hardcore. [...] It was an outbreak of dancing with a mid-tempo beat driven by floor tom and snare." - Howie Abrams, Blush, p. 193
  5. ^ MTVNews.com: The Greatest Metal Bands of All Time. MTV. [17 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-21）. 
  6. ^ Atreyu Frontman Alex Varkatzas: “We Invented Metalcore. That May Sound Cocky But I Don’t Care.” - Features - Rock Sound Magazine. Rock Sound Magazine. [2018-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-11） （英国英语）. 
  7. ^ Blush, American Hardcore, part 2, "Thirsty and Miserable", p. 63, 66
  8. ^ Andersen, Mark and Mark Jenkins (2003). Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital. "Positive Mental Attitude". p. 27. Akashic Books. ISBN 1-888451-44-0
  9. ^ Glasper, Ian (2004). Burning Britain: The History of UK Punk 1980-1984. Cherry Red Books. p. 5. ISBN 1-901447-24-3
  10. ^ Blush, "Hits from Hell", American Hardcore, p. 204
  11. ^ Blush, p. 115
  12. ^ Felix von Havoc, Maximum Rock'n'Roll #198 [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Access date: June 20, 2008
  13. ^ Blush, p. 193
  14. ^ Christe, Ian: Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (2003), p. 184
  15. ^ Blush, p. 186
  16. ^ Blush, p. 188
  17. ^ Blush, p. 189
  18. ^ "Cro-Mags were the first band to attract both Skinheads and metalhead audiences; their music at the point where Hardcore nihilism met Metal power." Blush, p. 189
  19. ^ Blush, p. 194
  20. ^ Alternative Press, July 7, 2008, p. 109
  21. ^ Blush, p. 192
  22. ^ METAL INSIDE - Das online Metal, Rock und Alternative Magazin!. [2020-06-16]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-12）. 
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "here the term (metalcore) is used in its original context, referencing the likes of Strife, Earth Crisis, and Integrity ...", Ian Glasper, Terrorizer no. 171, June 2008, p. 78
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X. p. 222-223
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Kill Your Stereo - Reviews: Shai Hulud - Misanthropy Pure. [2011-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-27）. Shai Hulud, a name that is synonymous (in heavy music circles at least) with intelligent, provocative and most importantly unique metallic hardcore. The band’s earliest release is widely credited with influencing an entire generation of musicians 
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 Shai Hulud - Hearts Once Nourished With Hope And Co Review - sputnikmusic. Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion is pretty much the prime in early melodic metalcore. So many bands in both the modern metalcore and hardcore scene have drawn vast influence from them, because of how perfect they blend hardcore and metal. 
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 In At The Deep End Records. [2011-11-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-23）. Regardless of whether or not you liked Shai Hulud, it is undeniable that Hearts Once Nourished with Hope and Compassion was an oft-imitated and highly influential release in the mid-to-late nineties. 
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Ross Haenfler, Straight Edge: Clean-living Youth, Hardcore Punk, and Social Change, Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3852-1 p. 87-88
  29. ^ "It was this simple formula that's single-handedly responsible for every band you hear combining heavy metal and hardcore today." Blood Runs Deep: 23 Bands Who Shaped the Scene. Alternative Press. July 7, 2008: 110. 
  30. ^ Hatebreed cites Entombed and Bolt Thrower. Q&A with Jamey Jasta, Miami New Times, May 27, 2008. [2] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Access date: June 22, 2008
  31. ^ Karl Buechner of Earth Crisis cites Napalm Death, Bolt Thrower, and Obituary as prime influences. Mudrian also discusses Converge and Bloodlet and their relationship to death metal. See Mudrian, Albert (2000). Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore. Feral House. ISBN 1-932595-04-X. p. 222-223
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 Gabriel Cardenas Salas, "Blasts from the Past," Terrorizer 180, February 2009, p. 96.
  33. ^ The History of Rock Music: 1990-1999. [2011-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19）. 
  34. ^ EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH SHAI HULUD GUITARIST MATT FOX. [2008-10-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-17）. When we used to joke with the term, it was just a clever (or not so clever) way of describing a metallic hardcore, metal-influenced hardcore, or hardcore-influenced metal band. 
  35. ^ J. Bennett, "Converge's Jane Doe, Revolver, June 2008
  36. ^ Lars Gotrich, "Coalesce: A Tale of Two Ropes," All Songs Considered, 25 October 2011. [3] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Lee, Cosmo; Voegtlin, Stewart. Into the void: Stylus Magazine's Beginner's Guide to Metal - Article - Stylus Magazine. Stylus Magazine. [17 May 2010]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-02）. 
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Allmusic Review, Atreyu, Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses [4] Access date: June 24, 2008
  39. ^ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "Taste of Chaos", Revolver, June 2008. p. 110. "This is the Rockstar Taste of Chaos Tour, a night when heavier melodic-metalcore bands like Atreyu and Avenged Sevenfold intend to position themselves as the next generation of bands to actually pack arenas [...]"
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 Metalrage, 12/30/07 [5] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Access date: June 24, 2008
  41. ^ Metal Injection, August 28, 2007 [6] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Access date: June 24, 2008
  42. ^ El Paisano, 9/12/07 存档副本. [2008-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-14）.  Access date: June 24, 2008
  43. ^ Suicide Notes and Butterfly Kisses review 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2009-02-12.
  44. ^ Dan Epstein, "The Brewtal Truth", Revolver, Nov. 2004, p. 65
  45. ^ Resistance (22–26). Resistance Records: 111. 2004. 
  46. ^ 引用错误：没有为名为WhatIsMetalcore的参考文献提供内容
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