鳢属
鳢科的一属鱼类
鳢属（学名：Channa）是鳢科下的一个属，此属所有鱼共同的称号为蛇头鱼、雷龙，其下有33个种。包括乌鳢、小盾鳢的很多种都很出名。其自然分布极广，主要在东亚、东南亚及南亚。其下的鱼除去食用外，还有药用价值，也是常见的观赏鱼。该属的鱼是食肉动物，以蛙、蛇、鸟以及啮齿类动物为食，可以呼吸空气。
鳢属
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|---|---|
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| Channa micropeltes | |
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| Channa striata | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri |
| 目： | 攀鲈目 Anabantiformes |
| 科： | 鳢科 Channidae |
| 属： | 鳢属 Channa Scopoli, 1777 |
| 模式种 | |
| Channa orientalis Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801
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| 种 | |
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见文内 | |
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| 异名 | |
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Bostrychoides Lacépède, 1801 | |
Channa这一命名并不完善，关于其的研究也不甚全面，2010年种系发生研究显示，在东南亚可能还存在着未被描述的鳢属鱼类。[1]2011年6月，印支半岛的双线鳢（Channa diplogramma）被发现是一个独立的本土物种，其亲缘关系可能与小盾鳢（Channa micropeltes）接近，大约952万到2176万年前是一个种。[2][3]
种
该属下现有33种：[4]
- 双栖鳢 Channa amphibius (McClelland, 1845)
- 阿萨姆鳢 Channa andrao Britz, 2013[5]
- 巨鳢 Channa ara (Deraniyagala, 1945)[6]
- 乌鳢 Channa argus (Cantor, 1842)
- Channa argus argus (Cantor, 1842)
- 沃氏鳢 Channa argus warpachowskii (L. S. Berg, 1909)
- Channa aristonei Praveenraj, Thackeray, Singh, Uma, Moulitharan & Mukhim, 2020[7]
- 七星鳢 Channa asiatica (Linnaeus, 1758)，又名月鳢
- 橙斑鳢 Channa aurantimaculata Musikasinthorn, 2000
- Channa aurantipectoralis van Lalhlimpuia, Lalronunga & Lalramliana, 2016[8]
- Channa auroflammea Adamson, Britz & Lieng, 2019
- 斑卡鳢 Channa bankanensis (Bleeker, 1853)
- 巴兰鳢 Channa baramensis (Steindachner, 1901)
- 巴卡鳢 Channa barca (Hamilton, 1822)
- Channa bipuli Praveenraj, Uma, Moulitharan & Bleher, 2018
- 布氏鳢 Channa bleheri Vierke, 1991
- Channa brahmacharyi Chakraborty, Yardi & Mukherjee, 2020
- Channa brunnea Praveenraj, Uma, Moulitharan & Kannan, 2019[9]
- 缅甸鳢 Channa burmanica Chaudhuri, 1919
- Channa coccinea Britz, Tan & Lukas, 2024[10]
- Channa cocnhayia Nguyen, Bui & Nguyen, 2015
- 钝吻鳢 Channa cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1853)
- 红鳢 Channa diplogramma (Day, 1865)
- Channa elliptica von Salis, 1967
- 缘鳢 Channa gachua (Hamilton, 1822)，又名宽额鳢、南鳢
- 茵列鳢 Channa harcourtbutleri (Annandale, 1918)
- 纵条鳢 Channa hoaluensis Nguyen, 2011
- Channa kelaartii [11]
- 蹩鳢 Channa limbata ，又名林氏鳢、红尾缘鳢
- Channa lipor Praveenraj, Uma, Moulitharan & Singh, 2019[12]
- 长嘴鳢 Channa longistomata Nguyen, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2012
- 带鳢 Channa lucius (Cuvier, 1831)
- 鳢鱼 Channa maculata (Lacepède, 1801)，又名斑鳢、台湾鳢鱼
- 似眼鳢 Channa marulioides (Bleeker, 1851)
- 眼鳢 Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822)[6]
- 黑鳍鳢 Channa melanoptera (Bleeker, 1855)，基异名：Ophicephalus melanopterus Bleeker, 1855
- 黑斑鳢 Channa melanostigma Geetakumari & Vishwanath, 2011[13]
- 黑体鳢 Channa melasoma (Bleeker, 1851)
- 小盾鳢 Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, 1831)，又名红线鳢、鱼虎
- 宁平鳢 Channa ninhbinhensis Nguyen, 2011
- 夜鳢 Channa nox Zhang, Musikasinthorn & Watanabe, 2002
- 东方鳢 Channa orientalis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
- 饰鳍鳢 Channa ornatipinnis Britz, 2008
- 帕瑙鳢 Channa panaw Musikasinthorn, 1998
- 豹纹鳢 Channa pardalis Knight, 2016[13]
- 侧眼鳢 Channa pleurophthalmus (Bleeker, 1851)
- Channa pomanensis Gurumayum & Tamang, 2016[14]
- 拟眼鳢 Channa pseudomarulius (Günther, 1861)，现接受名为：眼鳢 Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822)
- 美鳢 Channa pulchra Britz, 2007
- 翠鳢 Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793)
- Channa pyrophthalmus Britz, Tan & Lukas, 2024[10]
- Channa rakhinica Britz, Tan & Lukas, 2024[10]
- Channa rara Britz, Dahanukar, Anoop & Ali, 2019[15]
- Channa royi Praveenraj & Knight[16]
- 真言鳢 Channa shingon Endruweit, 2017[17]
- 斯氏鳢 Channa stewartii (Playfair, 1867)[13]
- 显斑鳢 Channa stiktos Lalramliana, Knight, Lalhlimpuia & Singh, 2018[18]
- 线鳢 Channa striata ，又名泰国鳢、泰国鱼虎
- Channa torsaensis Dey, Nur, Raychowdhury, Sarkar, Singh & Barat, 2018[19]
- 杂交种：
参考文献
- ^ Adamson E. A. S., Hurwood D. A., Mather P. A. (2010): A reappraisal of the evolution of Asian snakehead fishes (Pisces, Channidae) using molecular data from multiple genes and fossil calibration. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56 (2), Pages 707–717
- ^ Benziger, A., Philip, S., Raghavan, R., Anvar Ali, P. H., Sukumaran, M., et al. (2011) Unraveling a 146 Years Old Taxonomic Puzzle: Validation of Malabar Snakehead, Species-Status and Its Relevance for Channid Systematics and Evolution. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） PLoS ONE 6(6): e21272. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021272
- ^ Li, X., Musikasinthorn, P., Kumazawa, Y. (2006): Molecular phylogenetic analyses of snakeheads (Perciformes: Channidae) using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Ichthyological Research 53 (2) pp 148-159
- ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2013). Species of Channa. FishBase. Version 2013-02.
- ^ RALF BRITZ. 2013. Channa andrao, A New Species of Dwarf Snakehead from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Channidae). Zootaxa. 3731(2): 287–294. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.2.9
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Hiranya Sudasinghe, Eleanor A. S. Adamson, R.H. Tharindu Ranasinghe, Madhava Meegaskumbura, Chiho Ikebe and Ralf Britz. 2020. Unexpected Species Diversity within Sri Lanka’s Snakehead Fishes of the Channa marulius Group (Teleostei: Channidae). Zootaxa. 4747(1); 113–132. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.4
- ^ Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Tejas Thackeray, Sadokpam Gojendro Singh, Arumugam Uma, N. Moulitharan, and Bankit K. Mukhim. 2020. A New Species of Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, Northeastern India. Copeia. 108(4); 938-947. DOI: 10.1643/CI2020007
- ^ Denise van Lalhlimpuia, Samuel Lalronunga and Lalramliana Lalramliana. 2016. Channa aurantipectoralis, A New Species of Snakehead from Mizoram, north-eastern India (Teleostei: Channidae). Zootaxa. 4147(3); 343. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.3.7
- ^ Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Arumugam Uma, Nallathambi Moulitharan and Rajesh Kannan. 2019. Channa brunnea, A New Species of Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from West Bengal, India. Zootaxa. 4624(1); 59–70. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4624.1.4
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Ralf Britz, Tan Heok Hui and Lukas. 2024. Four New Species of Channa from Myanmar (Teleostei, Labyrinthici, Channidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 72; Pp. 1–25.
- ^ Hiranya Sudasinghe, Rohan Pethiyagoda, Madhava Meegaskumbura, Kalana Maduwage and Ralf Britz. 2020. Channa kelaartii, A Valid Species of Dwarf Snakehead from Sri Lanka and southern peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae). Vertebrate Zoology. 70(2); 157-170. DOI: 10.26049/VZ70-2-2020-05
- ^ Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Arumugam Uma, Nallathambi Moulitharan, and Sadokpam Gojendro Singh. 2019. A New Species of Dwarf Channa (Teleostei: Channidae) from Meghalaya, Northeast India. Copeia. 107(1); 61–70. DOI: 10.1643/CI-18-079
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 J.D. Marcus Knight. 2016. Channa pardalis, A New Species of Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Meghalaya, northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 8(3): 8583–8589. DOI: 10.11609/jott.2168.8.3.8583-8589
- ^ Shantabala Devi Gurumayum and Lakpa Tamang. 2016. Channa pomanensis, A New Species of Snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Species. 17(57); 175-186
- ^ Ralf Britz, Neelesh Dahanukar, V.K. Anoop and Anvar Ali. 2019. Channa rara, A New Species of Snakehead Fish from the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, India (Teleostei: Labyrinthici: Channidae). Zootaxa. 4683(4); 589–600. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.8
- ^ J. Praveenraj, J. D. M. Knight, R. Kiruba-Sankar, Beni Halalludin, J. J. A. Raymond and V. R. Thakur. 2018. Channa royi (Teleostei: Channidae): A New Species of Snakehead from Andaman Islands, India. Indian J. Fish. 65(4); 1-14. DOI: 10.21077/ijf.2018.65.4.72827-01
- ^ Marco Endruweit. 2017. Description of A New Dwarf Snakehead (Perciformes: Channidae) from western Yunnan. Vertebrate Zoology. 67(2); 173-178.
- ^ Lalramliana, John Daniel Marcus Knight, Denis Van Lalhlimpuia and Mahender Singh. 2018. Integrative Taxonomy Reveals A New Species of Snakehead Fish, Channa stiktos (Teleostei: Channidae), from Mizoram, North Eastern India. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 68(2).
- ^ Arpita Dey, Ruksa Nur, Basudhara Raychowdhury, Debapriya Sarkar, Laishram Kosygin Singh and Sudip Barat. 2018. A New Ornamental Species of Snakehead Fish (Teleostei: Channidae) from River Torsa of West Bengal, India. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. - IJPAB). 6(6); 497-503. DOI: 10.18782/2320-7051.7131