用户:Chong Wing Kam, Billy/Umbrella Revolution
The Umbrella Revolution (Chinese: 雨伞革命), also known as umbrella movement or occupation movement, refers to September 26 2014 to December 15 in Hong Kong, a series of fight 'The Popular Election Campaign of Civil Disobedience'. Protester spontaneously occupy a number of major roads for procession and meditation, the occupied area include Admiralty, Tamar, Central, Wan Chai and Causeway Bay in Hong Kong Island and Tsim Sha Tsui, Mong Kok in Kowloon. The main appeal is for the 'Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China to withdraw the 2017 Chief Executive Election and the 2016 Legislate Council Election Framework and Candidate Nomination Scheme for the Chief Executive, the nomination of citizens for election, and the repeal of the Legislative Council functional constituency. Furthermore, the main symbol of the movement is a yellow umbrella, from the protesters to face the police to pepper spray to scatter when using an umbrella to resist. Hence, the media also called the movement as 'umbrella revolution'.
Additional, umbrella revolution is the largest civil disobedience movement in Hong Kong’s history. According to the Center for Communication and Public Opinion Survey of the Chinese university of Hong Kong, visited more than 1,000 people aged 15 and above in the fourth poll of ‘Hong Kong’s Public Opinion and Political Development'conducted in December. More than 20% respondents said that they were involved in the occupation. The center is based on the above data for population-weighted calculation. The total number of participants in the whole movement may reach 1.2 million, accounting for 1/6 of the total population of Hong Kong. It is the second largest social movement in Hong Kong’s history, the 1.5 million Chinese people in the global procession. Movement in the first 3 days for the highest peak which refer to 29 September 2014 to 1 October 2016 during the period, there are more than 200,000 people involved in the occupation every night, is following the same year, 510 thousand people took to the street, the largest demonstrations. However, the demand of all the demonstrators were rejected, the movement ended in failure.
Event
The campaign was based on a strike organized by the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS) and Scholarism and the student movement. In the evening of 26 September, the reopening of the ‘Citizens Square’ campaign kicked off the campaign. More than 80,000 people rallied in support of the students and protested against the protesters early in the morning of 29 September officially started. The same day at dusk, riot police cast tear gas to disperse the demonstrators, but also raised a warning flag, the results aroused strong public anger, the occupation action by Tamar, Admiralty, Causeway Bay, Wan Chai, Central to Mong Kok and Tsim Sha Tsui do not recognize ‘Occupy Central with Love and Peace’. As a result, the student union movement and Scholarism are organized in the same way as the previous model. This series of occupation movements has also been opposed by many members of the public who have seriously obstructed their traffic and affected their livelihood and economy.
Reasons to protest
On August 31, 2014, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress formally adopted the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the Selection of Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council in 2016, " In order to set the framework for the election of the Chief Executive in 2017, block the right of 'Nomination of Citizens' and 'Party nomination'. Meanwhile, the NPC Standing Committee resolution also provides that the Hong Kong Legislative Council elections in 2016 are not allowed to modify the election method must be followed by the 2012 Hong Kong Legislative Council election model, meaning that the functional constituency has been abolished by the Pan-Democracy Party seats not only reduced.
The resolution is a source of great dissatisfaction with the Pan-Democrats and the Hong Kong people who are fighting for democracy because they believe that under this system all the candidates who are not candidates for the Central Authorities will certainly be screened out by the small- The only way to achieve universal suffrage for eligible voters in Hong Kong is for pro-establishment people. Therefore, they found that the universal suffrage for the Chief Executive under the '8.31 Framework' is not a "true universal suffrage" which they advocate.
Impacts about umbrella revolution
There are several impacts of umbrella revolution, which include political, economy, division of social class etc. Furthermore, for the influences of umbrella revolution also can divided by two parts in short term and long term.
Short term
- During the protest period, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has announced that it has initiated a contingency plan to maintain the core function of the banking system. As at 7:00 am on the 29 September, 17 banks and 29 business spots were temporarily closed. For the retail industry, many department stores such as SOGO, Queensway Plaza, Hysan place are both early closing at 6:00 pm. Further, more than 20 large and small jewelry store closed in Mong Kok, Nathan Road which including one-third of the retail chain 'Chow Tai Fook' Hong Kong branch closed.
- The Education Bureau (EDB) also announced the closure of all kindergartens, primary and secondary schools and special schools in Wan Chai, Central and Western District on September 29, 30 and October 2 respectively. On 5 October, the Education Bureau announced that all secondary schools in the district would resume classes on 6 October and primary schools would resume classes on 7 October.
- In terms of transport, 270 bus routes were affected by 47% of the overall route. More than 1.5 million passengers were affected per day, accounting for 40% of the total bus passengers.
- The Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) announced the cancellation of the National Day fireworks display scheduled for October 1 evening.
-China National Tourism Administration September 29 to the national travel agency issued an emergency notice, September 30 from the ban on new Hong Kong tourism group, has been approved and travel independently is not affected, for a period of 7 days. A senior travel industry is expected to visit Hong Kong Golden Week visitors will fall at least three percent over last year.
Long term
For political aspects, there are several impacts on umbrella revelation. - Central Government does not give way Umbrella revolution to make the central government refused to nominate the threshold of political reform, tough attitude, the Chief Executive nominated by universal suffrage to maintain the four constituencies, completely unchanged, the political reform in June 18, 2015 by the Legislative Council rejected.
- Central to the Hong Kong governing potential to further tighten.
- Central and HKSAR Government to strengthen "ideological education" for young people in Hong Kong.
- Birth of young people to organize political parties to run for the election, the local party to rise.
In addition, it also influence other way such as economy, education, society, international and police force etc aspects. - Some retail sales fell
- Residents in Wan Chai denounced the disturbance
- Division of social class (due to some people have different perspectives on umbrella movements)
- Press freedom in Hong Kong fell
- Causing depression in some young people
- The number of overseas students studying abroad has increased and the number of students has been reduced.
- The number of Chinese students studying in Hong Kong dropped.
Umbrella movements bring many influences aspects and thereby, it results enormous losses and repercussions on Hong Kong.
Police handling/policy
Some media and groups have all accused the police of handling violent acts and criticisms in dealing with the occupation movement. Including the use of a large number of pepper spray and 87 tear-gas bombs on September 28 and repeatedly raised the slogan of "DISPERSE OR WE FIRE" and the presence of riot police who rifled demonstrators who blocked the road and attacked the police line, Pointed out that police officers and the Security Bureau have repeatedly called the demonstrators a source of conflict and caused repercussions and grievances. However, the controversial handling of the police has not been mentioned. All these incidents have seriously damaged the reputation of the Force, led to a decline in credibility and a question of becoming a political tool for serving government officials. As at 30 October, the Complaints Against Police Office received a total of 1,767 complaints about the umbrella revolution.
Conclusion
For the results of umbrella revolution, I think the revolution did not make any significant influence in Hong Kong. Instead, the outcomes result in many aspects of influences toward to Hong Kong such as economy, international, education etc. It also causing the image of Hong Kong is falling in international rank. Or in other words, people who occupation just want to reflect their unsatisfied perspectives on the political decision, why they doesn't use some peaceful method to reflect? The answer is no one know. However, Hong Kong is a international city in the world, should follow the regulation of Hong Kong to demonstrations but meanwhile, also need to ensure the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong.
References
1. http://qz.com/277618/hong-kongs-umbrella-revolution-is-now-entrenched-in-a-war-of-attrition/
2. http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/the-umbrella-movement-bel_b_5953422
4. http://time.com/4451883/hong-kong-activists-sentenced-umbrella-revolution-democracy-protests/
5. http://www.rfa.org/english/news/special/umbrella/home.html