外淋巴

外淋巴
外淋巴
	耳蝸的橫截面。其中的外淋巴位於前庭階（scala vestibuli）和鼓室階（scala tympani）內。
	半規管的橫截面。其中外淋巴位於淺藍色區域。
標識字符
拉丁文	perilympha
MeSH	D010498
TA98	A15.3.03.056
TA2	6938
FMA	FMA:60908
	《解剖學術語》 [在維基數據上編輯]

外淋巴（英文：Perilymph），是內耳中的一種細胞外液，位於耳蝸的前庭階（英語：Vestibular duct）、鼓室階（英語：Tympanic duct）內^[1]^[2]。外淋巴與內淋巴相對應，但不直接接觸^[3]。外淋巴液的離子成分與血漿、腦脊液成分相似，主要的陽離子為鈉離子，其中鈉離子和鉀離子的濃度分別為138mM、6.9mM^[1]^[4]。

結構

內耳的核心部分為骨迷路，由耳蝸和前庭系統組成。骨迷路內有膜迷路，膜迷路中含有內淋巴，而外淋巴包裹膜迷路（介於骨迷路和膜迷路之間），起保護作用^[5]^[6]。骨迷路中的外淋巴液與蛛網膜下腔的腦脊液通過外淋巴管（英語：Perilymphatic duct）相連^[7]。

成分及功能

外淋巴和內淋巴液中特有的離子成分可調節聽覺毛細胞的電化學衝動。內淋巴液比外淋巴液的電勢高出80-90毫伏，這是因為內淋巴液含有更高濃度的鉀離子而外淋巴液含有更高濃度的鈉離子，這被稱為耳蝸內電位（英語：Endocochlear potential）^[8]^[9]^[10]。

此外，外淋巴中含有大量蛋白質，對代謝和免疫反應起到重要作用^[11]。

臨床

有研究認為梅尼埃病是內耳的內淋巴、外淋巴單向流動受阻造成^[8]^[12]^[13]。

參見

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11].
^ St-Amant, Maxime. Perilymph | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-29）（美國英語）.
^ Casale, Jarett; Agarwal, Amit. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ear Endolymph. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-03-11]. PMID 30285400. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-18）.
^ Bosher, S. K.; Warren, R. L.; Hallpike, Charles Skinner. Observations on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1968-11-05, 171 (1023): 227–247 [2021-03-11]. doi:10.1098/rspb.1968.0066. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-24）.
^ Membranous Labyrinth - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英語）.
^ Hacking, Craig. Membranous labyrinth | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-29）（美國英語）.
^ Blumenfeld, Hal. Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases second edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2010.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Endolymph and Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英語）.
^ Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ. Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport. Acta Otolaryngol. 1978, 86 (1–2): 22–34. PMID 696294. doi:10.3109/00016487809124717.
^ Wangemann, Philine. Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. The Journal of Physiology. 2006-10-01, 576 (Pt 1): 11–21. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1995626  . PMID 16857713. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112888.
^ Edvardsson Rasmussen, Jesper; Laurell, Göran; Rask-Andersen, Helge; Bergquist, Jonas; Eriksson, Per Olof. The proteome of perilymph in patients with vestibular schwannoma. A possibility to identify biomarkers for tumor associated hearing loss?. PLOS ONE. 2018, 13 (6): e0198442. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398442E. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5983529  . PMID 29856847. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198442.
^ Cureoglu, Sebahattin; da Costa Monsanto, Rafael; Paparella, Michael M. Histopathology of Meniere’s disease. Operative techniques in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. 2016-12, 27 (4): 194–204. ISSN 1043-1810. PMC 5344024  . PMID 28286401. doi:10.1016/j.otot.2016.10.003.
^ Meniere's disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [2021-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-30）（英語）.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11].

[2] St-Amant, Maxime. Perilymph | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-29）（美國英語）.

[:02-3] Casale, Jarett; Agarwal, Amit. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ear Endolymph. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-03-11]. PMID 30285400. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-18）.

[4] Bosher, S. K.; Warren, R. L.; Hallpike, Charles Skinner. Observations on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1968-11-05, 171 (1023): 227–247 [2021-03-11]. doi:10.1098/rspb.1968.0066. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-24）.

[5] Membranous Labyrinth - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英語）.

[6] Hacking, Craig. Membranous labyrinth | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-29）（美國英語）.

[7] Blumenfeld, Hal. Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases second edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2010.

[:1-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Endolymph and Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] （英語）.

[9] Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ. Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport. Acta Otolaryngol. 1978, 86 (1–2): 22–34. PMID 696294. doi:10.3109/00016487809124717.

[10] Wangemann, Philine. Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. The Journal of Physiology. 2006-10-01, 576 (Pt 1): 11–21. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1995626  . PMID 16857713. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112888.

[11] Edvardsson Rasmussen, Jesper; Laurell, Göran; Rask-Andersen, Helge; Bergquist, Jonas; Eriksson, Per Olof. The proteome of perilymph in patients with vestibular schwannoma. A possibility to identify biomarkers for tumor associated hearing loss?. PLOS ONE. 2018, 13 (6): e0198442. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398442E. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5983529  . PMID 29856847. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198442.

[12] Cureoglu, Sebahattin; da Costa Monsanto, Rafael; Paparella, Michael M. Histopathology of Meniere’s disease. Operative techniques in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. 2016-12, 27 (4): 194–204. ISSN 1043-1810. PMC 5344024  . PMID 28286401. doi:10.1016/j.otot.2016.10.003.

[13] Meniere's disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [2021-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-05-30）（英語）.

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