左旋甲基苯丙胺
左旋甲基苯丙胺 (levomethamphetamine)[note 1]又稱左旋甲基安非他命，是右旋甲基苯丙胺的光學異構物。左旋甲基苯丙胺是擬交感神經血管收縮劑，是一些非處方(OTC) 鼻腔去阻塞吸入劑的活性成分[note 2]。
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| 臨床資料 | |
|---|---|
| 給藥途徑 | 醫用 :吸入(鼻腔) 娛樂用 :口服 靜脈注射, insufflation,吸入 栓劑 |
| 法律規範狀態 | |
| 法律規範 |
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| 藥物動力學數據 | |
| 藥物代謝 | 肝臟 |
| 排泄途徑 | 腎 |
| 識別資訊 | |
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| CAS編號 | 33817-09-3  |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.046.974 |
| 化學資訊 | |
| 化學式 | C10H15N |
| 莫耳質量 | 149.2 |
| 3D模型（JSmol） | |
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藥理學特性
左旋甲基苯丙胺可穿越血腦屏障並作為TAAR1激動劑[3]，也作為去甲腎上腺素釋放劑 (對多巴胺系統較無影響[4])。它跟右旋甲基苯丙胺一樣影響中樞神經系統，但作用方式不同[5]。不同於右旋甲基苯丙胺，它在低劑量沒有造成欣快或成癮的特性[5][6][4]。在他的幾項生理作用中，血管收縮作用使其可用於去鼻腔阻塞噴劑[7]。
左旋甲基苯丙胺的半衰期約為13.3至15小時，右旋甲基苯丙胺則為10.5小時[8]。
參見
注釋
參考資料
- ^ CFR TITLE 21: DRUGS FOR HUMAN USE: PART 341 -- COLD, COUGH, ALLERGY, BRONCHODILATOR, AND ANTIASTHMATIC DRUG PRODUCTS FOR OVER-THE-COUNTER HUMAN USE. United States Food and Drug Administration. April 2015 [7 March 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-25）.
Topical nasal decongestants --(i) For products containing levmetamfetamine identified in 341.20(b)(1) when used in an inhalant dosage form. The product delivers in each 800 milliliters of air 0.04 to 0.150 milligrams of levmetamfetamine.
- ^ Levomethamphetamine. Pubchem Compound. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [2 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-06）.
- ^ Levmetamfetamine. PubChem Compound. NCBI. [17 October 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-18）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS; Cho, AK; Melega, W. Hippocampus norepinephrine, caudate dopamine and serotonin, and behavioral responses to the stereoisomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. February 1995, 15 (2): 1308–17. PMID 7869099.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Melega, WP; Cho, AK; Schmitz, D; Kuczenski, R; Segal, DS. l-methamphetamine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for assessment of in vivo deprenyl-derived l-methamphetamine. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. February 1999, 288 (2): 752–8. PMID 9918585.
- ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, Nath RP, Fernandez E, Jacob P, Everhart ET, Jones RT. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.
- ^ {{cite web | author=Pray SW | title=Nonprescription Products to Avoid With Hypertension | work=uspharmacist.com | accessdate=17 October 2014 | url=http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/d/consult_your_pharmacist/c/19370/ （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） | quote=Topical Nasal Decongestants
- ^ Mendelson J, Uemura N, Harris D, et al. Human pharmacology of the methamphetamine stereoisomers. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. October 2006, 80 (4): 403–20. PMID 17015058. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2006.06.013.