甲烯鎓離子
化合物
在有機化學中,甲烯鎓離子(又稱質子化亞甲基)是一種陽離子,化學式為CH+
3。它可以視作一個亞甲基自由基(:CH
2)加上一個質子(H+
),或一個甲基自由基(•CH
3)去除一個電子。它是碳正離子和烯鎓離子,是最簡單的烯鎓離子。[2]
甲烯鎓離子 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 Methylium[1] | |
別名 | Methyl cation; Carbanylium |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 14531-53-4 |
PubChem | 644094 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | UHDUIDUEUEQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
ChEBI | 29437 |
性質 | |
化學式 | CH3 |
摩爾質量 | 15.03 g·mol−1 |
相關物質 | |
相關電漿化合物 | 甲硼烷 |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
結構
製備和反應
對於低壓的質譜研究,甲烯鎓離子可以通過甲基自由基的紫外線光電離,[2]或將中性甲烷與單原子陽離子(如C+
和Kr+
)碰撞製備。[3]在這種條件下,它會與乙腈CH
3CN反應,形成離子(CH
3)
2CN+
。[4]
它很少在凝聚相下以中間體的形式出現。它被提議為一種反應性中間體,在甲烷與FSO3H-SbF5進行質子化或氫化物提取時形成。甲鎓離子非常活潑,對烷烴也是如此。[6]
參見
參考文獻
- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014: 1089. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 L. Golob, N. Jonathan, A. Morris, M. Okuda, K.J. Ross (1972), "The first ionization potential of the methyl radical as determined by photoelectron spectroscopy". Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, volume 1, issue 5, pp. 506–508 doi:10.1016/0368-2048(72)80022-7
- ^ R.B. Sharma, N.M. Semo, W.S. Koski (1987), "Dynamics of the reactions of methylium, methylene radical cation, and methyliumylidene with acetylene". Journal of Physical Chemistry, volume 91, issue 15, pp. 4127–4131 doi:10.1021/j100299a037
- ^ Murray J. McEwan, Arthur B. Denison, Wesley T. Huntress Jr., Vincent G. Anicich, J. Snodgrass, M.T. Bowers (1989), "Association reactions at low pressure. 2. The methylium/methyl cyanide system". Journal of Physical Chemistry, volume 93, issue 10, pp. 4064–4068. doi:10.1021/j100347a039
- ^ E.M. Bahati, M. Fogle, C.R. Vane, M.E. Bannister, R.D. Thomas and V. Zhaunerchyk (2009), "Electron-impact dissociation of CD+
3 and CH+
3 ions producing CD+
2, CH+
and C+
fragment ions". Physical Review, volume 79, article 052703 doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.79.052703 - ^ Hogeveen, H.; Lukas, J.; Roobeek, C. F. Trapping of the methyl cation by carbon monoxide; formation of acetic acid from methane. Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications. 1969, (16): 920. ISSN 0577-6171. doi:10.1039/c29690000920 (英語).