盲鰻
盲鰻科(學名:Myxini),也稱盲鰻目(學名:Myxiniformes)、穿口蓋目(學名:Hyperotreti),是一類海洋脊椎動物,在食物鏈上屬於食腐動物。過去是無頜總綱之下的一目,現在則是無頜總綱下的圓口綱下的一亞綱。
盲鰻科 化石時期:
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六鰓黏盲鰻 Eptatretus hexatrema | |
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 圓口綱 Cyclostomata |
目: | 盲鰻目 Myxiniformes |
科: | 盲鰻科 Myxinidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
亞科及屬[1] | |
見內文 | |
異名 | |
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分布
盲鰻廣泛分布於全球三大洋的溫帶、亞熱帶和熱帶的海域,幾乎所有的種類生活在大陸架邊緣的深海中。[3]
特徵
盲鰻目的外形裸露且光滑柔軟,有一個半規管和嗅囊,在上皮組織有數個皮摺,嗅神經束是分離的,魚體前半段為圓柱狀,後半段則較側扁,如蛇狀。其屬於早期具有感光能力之魚類,3隻眼睛受皮層包覆,只能測光暗而沒有視野可言;沒有明顯的骨骼、頭部跟眼肌,故只能靠口部有幾根肉質狀的短鬚來辨識。身體側的外鰓孔大約1至16對,黏液腺發達,受刺激時會分泌大量黏液。同時也是現存脊椎動物中較原始的一類,沒有上下頷,和近親八目鰻一樣口部都呈圓形,主要以生病、行動緩慢的魚類作為覓食對象。[3][4]
分類
參考資料
- ^ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. Fishes of the World 5th. John Wiley & Sons. 2016. ISBN 9781118342336.
- ^ van der Laan, Richard; Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ronald. Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 2014, 3882 (2): 001–230. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 25543675. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 邵廣昭; 陳靜怡. 魚類圖鑑 2003年12月1日初版一刷. 臺北市: 遠流. : 33. ISBN 957-32-5106-X (繁體中文).
- ^ 世界魚類 1994年初版. 新店市: 水產出版社. : 28. ISBN 957-8596-03-0 (繁體中文).
延伸閲讀
- Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2011). Myxinidae. FishBase. Version 2011-02.
- Bardack, D. First fossil hagfish (Myxinoidea): a record from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Science. 1991, 254 (5032): 701–703. Bibcode:1991Sci...254..701B. PMID 17774799. doi:10.1126/science.254.5032.701.
- Bardack, D.; Richardson, E. S. Jr. New agnathous fishes from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois. Fieldiana. Geology. 1977, 33: 489–510. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5167.
- Brodal, A. and Fänge, R. (ed.) (1963). The Biology of Myxine, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
- Fernholm, B.; Holmberg, K. The eyes in three genera of hagfish (Eptatretus, Paramyxine and Myxine) – A case of degenerative evolution. Vision Research. 1975, 15 (2): 253–259. PMID 1129982. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(75)90215-1.
- Hardisty, M. W. (1982). Lampreys and hagfishes: Analysis of cyclostome relationships. In The Biology of Lampreys, (ed. M. W. Hardisty and I. C. Potter), Vol.4B, pp. 165–259. Academic Press, London.
- Janvier, P. (1996). Early vertebrates. Oxford Monographs in Geology and Geophysics, 33, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Marinelli, Wilhelm. Vergleichende Anatomie und Morphologie der Wirbeltiere: 2. Lieferung. Myxine glutinosa (L.). Franz Deuticke. 1956.
- Yalden, D.W. Feeding mechanisms as evidence for cyclostome monophyly. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1985, 84 (3): 291–300. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01802.x.
- Stock, D. W.; Whitt, G. S. Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA that lampreys and hagfishes form a natural group. Science. 1992, 257 (5071): 787–789. Bibcode:1992Sci...257..787S. PMID 1496398. doi:10.1126/science.1496398.
- Mincarone, Michael M.; Stewart, Andrew L. A new species of giant seven-gilled hagfish (Myxinidae: Eptatretus) from New Zealand. Copeia. 2006, 2006 (2): 225–229. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[225:ANSOGS]2.0.CO;2.
- J.M. Jørgensen; J.P. Lomholt; R.E. Weber; H. Malte (編). The biology of hagfishes. London: Chapman & Hall. 1997.
- Delarbre, C; et al. Complete Mitochondrial DNA of the Hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri: The Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Strongly Supports the Cyclostome Monophyly. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 22 (2): 184–192. PMID 11820840. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1045.
- Bondareva; Schmidt, EE. Early Vertebrate Evolution of the TATA-Binding Protein, TBP. Molecular Biology and Evolution. November 2003, 20 (11): 1932–1939. PMC 2577151 . PMID 12885957. doi:10.1093/molbev/msg205.
- Ewoldt, R. H., Winegard, T. M. and Fudge D. S. (2010). Non-linear viscoelasticity of hagfish slime. Int. J. Lin. Mech. 46: 627–636.
- Fudge, D. (2001). Hagfishes: Champions of Slime Nature Australia, Spring 2001 ed., Australian Museum Trust, Sydney. pp. 61–69.
- Fudge, D. S.; Gardner, K. H.; Forsyth, V. T.; Riekel, C.; Gosline, J. M. The mechanical properties of hydrated intermediate filaments: Insights from hagfish gland thread cells. Biophysical Journal. 2003, 85 (3): 2015–2027. Bibcode:2003BpJ....85.2015F. PMC 1303373 . PMID 12944314. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74629-3.
- Fudge, D. S.; Hillis, S.; Levy, N.; Gosline, J. M. Hagfish slime threads as a biomimetic model for high performance protein fibres (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 2010, 5 (3): 1–8. Bibcode:2010BiBi....5c5002F. PMID 20729569. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/5/3/035002.[永久失效連結]
- Fudge, D. S.; Levy, N.; Chiu, S.; Gosline, J. M. Composition, morphology and mechanics of hagfish slime. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2005, 208 (24): 4613–4625. PMID 16326943. doi:10.1242/jeb.01963.
- Winegard, T. M.; Fudge, D. S. Deployment of hagfish slime thread skeins requires the transmission of mixing forces via mucin strands. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2010, 213 (8): 1235–1240. PMID 20348334. doi:10.1242/jeb.038075.
參閲
外部連結
- FishBase entry for Myxinidae (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- YouTube 5+ minute video of Scripps scientist/diver on hagfish (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Metacafe video of a University of Alberta grad student showing slime production of hagfish while in Bamfield, British Columbia (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- Beware the hagfish – repeller of sharks 3 News, 28 Oct 2011. Video.
- Hagfish versus sharks : 1-0 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) Te Papa Blog, 28 October 2011.
- Teen Spots Hagfish-Slurping Elephant Seal – YouTube (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (2:11)
- What happens when a shark attacks a hagfish – BBC (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (0:39)
- Vancouver Aquarium Hagfish Slime (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- 盲鰻科之科解說 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)
- 盲鰻新發現 - 國家地理雜誌
- 盲鰻刺魚蚤 Species Acanthochondria eptatreti Cheng, Luo, Dai & Shih, 2014