短暫性全面性遺忘
短暫性全面性遺忘是一種神經系統疾病,當病人發病時其短期記憶會暫時出現問題,例如忘記現在、剛剛、幾分鐘、幾小時或幾天前發生的事情[1]而且還會不斷詢問到底發生了什麼。不過此時患者長期記憶未受損,他依然能記得自己童年的事情,也能認識自己的家人和自己的住宅,自己本身掌握的技能也不會忘記。 [2][3][4]
短暫性全面性遺忘 | |
---|---|
症狀 | 短期記憶受損 |
併發症 | 一般不會有後遺症 |
起病年齡 | 突然發作 |
病程 | 不會超過24小時 |
病因 | 未知 |
藥物 | 無 |
預後 | 好 |
分類和外部資源 | |
醫學專科 | 神經內科 |
ICD-11 | MB21.12 |
ICD-10 | G45.4 |
ICD-9-CM | 437.7 |
DiseasesDB | 13251 |
eMedicine | 1160964 |
短暫性全面性遺忘發作時間較短,基本上不會超過8小時,之後患者就會恢復正常而且能重新記住事情或者回憶起發病時突然記不起來的事情。[1]大多數患者發病後沒有後遺症或併發症,基本上短暫性全面性遺忘的預後非常好,該疾病甚至不會影響某個地區或某個族群的死亡率,[5]復發率也很低[6],有15%的患者會多次發病,發作之間的平均間隔為2年[7]。少數患者在發病後認知會受到長期影響。[8][9][10]無法確定短暫性全面性遺忘是否會增加中風的風險。[11][12][7]另外短暫性全面性遺忘也沒有專門的治療手段。[7][13]
56歲至75歲的人群最容易發病,[14] 患者的平均年齡為62歲[15]。
短暫性全面性遺忘的發病原因仍然是個謎。 [15][16][17][18]突然浸入冷水或熱水中、進行劇烈的身體活動、性交、血管造影或內鏡檢查、輕微頭部創傷、情緒低落(壞消息、衝突或勞累過度)都是誘發因子。[6]
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Ropper, Allan H. Transient Global Amnesia. New England Journal of Medicine. 16 February 2023, 388 (7): 635–640. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2213867.
- ^ Logan, W; Sherman, D. Transient global amnesia. Stroke. 1983, 14 (6): 1005–7. PMID 6658982. doi:10.1161/01.STR.14.6.1005 .
- ^ Hodges; Warlow, CP. Syndromes of transient amnesia: towards a classification. A study of 153 cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1990, 53 (10): 834–43. PMC 488242 . PMID 2266362. doi:10.1136/jnnp.53.10.834.
- ^ Noel, A.; Quinette, P.; Guillery-Girard, B.; Dayan, J.; Piolino, P.; Marquis, S.; De La Sayette, V.; Viader, F.; et al. Psychopathological factors, memory disorders and transient global amnesia. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2008, 193 (2): 145–51. PMID 18670000. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.045716 .
- ^ Sucholeiki, Roy. Transient Global Amnesia. EMedicine. Medscape. 3 December 2008 [19 October 2009]. (原始內容存檔於2009-09-27).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 出现短暂性全面性遗忘时,近期的记忆会暂时消失-短暂性全面性遗忘. Mayo Clinic. 2022-08-10 [2023-11-03]. (原始內容存檔於2024-03-02) (中文).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ropper, Allan H. Transient Global Amnesia. New England Journal of Medicine. 16 February 2023, 388 (7): 635–640. doi:10.1056/NEJMra2213867.
- ^ Guillery-girard, B.; Quinette, P.; Desgranges, B.; Piolino, P.; Viader, F.; De La Sayette, V.; Eustache, F. Long-term memory following transient global amnesia: an investigation of episodic and semantic memory. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 2006, 114 (5): 329–33. PMID 17022781. S2CID 26063331. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2006.00625.x .
- ^ Nakada; Kwee, IL; Fujii, Y; Knight, RT. High-field, T2 reversed MRI of the hippocampus in transient global amnesia. Neurology. 2005, 64 (7): 1170–4. PMID 15824342. S2CID 17306379. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000156158.48587.EA.
- ^ Kessler, Josef; Markowitsch, Hans; Rudolf, Jobst; Heiss, Wolf-Dieter. Continuing Cognitive Impairment After Isolated Transient Global Amnesia. International Journal of Neuroscience. 2001, 106 (3–4): 159–68. PMID 11264917. S2CID 41284309. doi:10.3109/00207450109149746.
- ^ Lee, Sang Hun; Kim, Keon-Yeup; Lee, Jeong-Woo; Park, So-Jeong; Jung, Jin-Man. Risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with transient global amnesia: a propensity-matched cohort study. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 1 April 2022, 7 (2): e001006. ISSN 2059-8688. PMC 9067272 . doi:10.1136/svn-2021-001006 (英語).
- ^ Mangla, Atul; Navi, Babak B.; Layton, Kelly; Kamel, Hooman. Transient Global Amnesia and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. February 2014, 45 (2): 389–393. PMC 3946840 . doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.003916.
- ^ Magnus Harrison; Mark Williams. The diagnosis and management of transient global amnesia in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2007, 24 (6): 444–445. PMC 2658295 . PMID 17513554. doi:10.1136/emj.2007.046565.
- ^ Quinette, P.; Guillery-Girard, B; Dayan, J; De La Sayette, V; Marquis, S; Viader, F; Desgranges, B; Eustache, F. What does transient global amnesia really mean? Review of the literature and thorough study of 142 cases. Brain. 2006, 129 (Pt 7): 1640–58. PMID 16670178. doi:10.1093/brain/awl105 .
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Hodges, John R.; Warlow, Charles P. The Aetiology of Transient Global Amnesia. Brain. 1990, 113 (3): 639–57. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1009.4172 . PMID 2194627. doi:10.1093/brain/113.3.639.
- ^ Enzinger, C.; Thimary, F.; Kapeller, P.; Ropele, S.; Schmidt, R.; Ebner, F.; Fazekas, F. Transient Global Amnesia: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions and Cerebrovascular Disease. Stroke. 2008, 39 (8): 2219–25. PMID 18583561. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.508655 .
- ^ Bauer, G.; Benke, T; Unterberger, I; Schmutzhard, E; Trinka, E. Transient global amnesia or transient epileptic amnesia?. QJM. 2005, 98 (5): 383; author reply 383–4. PMID 15833772. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hci060 .
- ^ Zorzon, Marino; Antonutti, L; Masè, G; Biasutti, E; Vitrani, B; Cazzato, G. Transient Global Amnesia and Transient Ischemic Attack : Natural History, Vascular Risk Factors, and Associated Conditions. Stroke. 1995, 26 (9): 1536–42. PMID 7660394. doi:10.1161/01.STR.26.9.1536.