聖城守衛
聖城守衛（亞蘭語：נָטוֹרֵי קַרְתָּא；英語：Neturei Karta）是一個哈雷迪猶太教中的一個邊緣少數團體[2]，於1938年在耶路撒冷成立，總部位於以色列。
| נטורי קרתא | |
 2005年英國「聖城守衛」成員參加反以色列示威 | |
| 創始地 |  巴勒斯坦託管地耶路撒冷 |
|---|---|
| 類型 | 國際非政府組織 |
重要人物 | 摩西·貝爾·貝克 （死於2021年）[1] |
| 網站 | https://www.nkusa.org/ |
該團體反對在彌賽亞到來之前建立猶太國家[3]，並認為以色列國的存在是「對上帝的反叛」[4][5]，且只會引發戰爭傷亡及恐怖襲擊，因此反對以色列國及猶太復國事業。該團體在以色列境內的成員主要是立陶宛法利賽人，而以色列以外的成員則大多是哈西迪派。
該團體中的一些成員主張將以色列國「和平解體」，建立「從河到海」的阿拉伯巴勒斯坦國。他們以暴力活動聞名，被主流哈雷迪教派稱為「短劍黨」。
參考
- ^ Neturei Karta Leader Moshe Ber Beck Dies In Monsey. The Yeshiva World. 16 April 2021 [16 April 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-07）.
- ^ Sources describing the group as fringe:
- Zamaret, Zvi. Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy. Israel Studies. Fall 1999, 4 (2): 78 [9 October 2023]. JSTOR 30245511. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-31）.
yet a few years later, women's suffrage was accepted by the entire Orthodox community (excluding Neturei Karata and similar fringe groups)
- Israeli Anti-Zionist Sentenced for Spying for Iran. Jewish Telegraphic Agency (The Forward). 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-11）.
Members of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox sect in Israel, join a pro-Palestinian protest.
- Sterman, Adiv. Ultra-Orthodox 'Iran spy' sentenced to 4.5 years. Times of Israel. 2014-01-28 [9 October 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2021-06-18）.
Yitzhak Bergel, a member of the anti-Zionist fringe group Neturei Karta, confessed to initiating contact with Iranian officials
- Neturei Karta: What is it?. Anti-Defamation League. December 14, 2006. （原始內容存檔於2012-10-29）.
This miniscule group on the farthest fringes of Judaism advocates the "dismantling" of the State of Israel
- Goldman, Mordechai. Why these ultra-Orthodox Jews support the Palestinian cause. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-02 [9 October 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-10）.
A member of Neturei Karta, a fringe ultra-Orthodox Jewish movement within the anti-Zionist bloc, carries Palestinian flags during a rally marking the 10th anniversary of the death of late Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, in the West Bank city of Ramallah
- Zamaret, Zvi. Judaism in Israel: Ben-Gurion's Private Beliefs and Public Policy. Israel Studies. Fall 1999, 4 (2): 78 [9 October 2023]. JSTOR 30245511. （原始內容存檔於2023-10-31）.
- ^ Judaism is not Zionism. www.nkusa.org. [2024-01-18]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-19）.
- ^ Neturei Karta | ADL. www.adl.org. [2023-11-01]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-19） （英語）.
- ^ Neturei Karta. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. [2023-11-01]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-24）.
延伸閱讀
- Yakov M. Rabkin, A Threat from Within: A Century of Jewish Opposition to Zionism. (Zed Books/Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 1-84277-699-1
- Menashe Darash, Neturei Karta Of Meah Shearim. Atnata 2010 ISBN 978-965-91505-0-2 (Hebrew language)