維基百科

蟾蜍科

无尾目的一科兩棲動物

蟾蜍科（學名：Bufonidae）是多種分布於世界各地（除了澳大利亞、馬達加斯加與南極洲以外）的蛙類。

蟾蜍科
金蟾蜍 Bufo periglenes
科學分類 編輯
界： 動物界 Animalia
門： 脊索動物門 Chordata
綱： 兩棲綱 Amphibia
目： 無尾目 Anura
亞目： 新蛙亞目 Neobatrachia
總科： 雨蛙總科 Hyloidea
科： 蟾蜍科 Bufonidae
J. E. Gray, 1825
模式屬
蟾蜍屬
Bufo
Laurenti, 1768
屬

（約有38個屬）

蟾蜍科分布

眼睛後方有耳下腺，可分泌蟾蜍毒素。皮膚粗糙。頭部有骨質棱脊。無齒。頭部骨質化。水平瞳孔。大部份陸棲性。未成年的雄性蟾蜍睪丸前方有畢德氏器，是退化的卵巢，成年後消失。

下級分類

本科包括以下屬：

  • 阿登諾蟾屬 Adenomus Cope, 1861
  • 巴爾胎生蟾蜍屬 Altiphrynoides Dubois, 1987
  • Andinophryne Hoogmoed, 1985
    • Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985[1]，為Rhaebo olallai (Hoogmoed, 1985)的異名
  • 澗蟾屬 Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870
  • 斑蟾屬 Atelophryniscus McCranie, Wilson and Williams, 1989，為Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826的異名
  • 斑足蟾屬 Atelopus Duméril and Bibron, 1841
  • 蟾蜍屬 Bufo Laurenti, 1768
  • Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani, 1973
    • 'Bufoides bhupathyi Naveen, Tapley, Chandramouli, Jervis, Babu, Meetei & Karunakaran, 2023[2]
    • Bufoides kempi (Boulenger, 1919)
    • Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda, 1971)
  • 漠蟾屬 Bufotes Rafinesque, 1815
  • Capensibufo Grandison, 1980
    • Capensibufo deceptus Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017
    • Capensibufo magistratus Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017[3]
    • Capensibufo rosei (Hewitt, 1926)
    • Capensibufo selenophos Channing, Measey, De Villiers, Turner & Tolley, 2017
    • Capensibufo tradouwi (Hewitt, 1926)
  • Churamiti Channing & Stanley, 2002
    • Churamiti maridadi Channing & Stanley, 2002
  • 扁蟾屬 Crepidophryne Cope, 1889
  • 小叢蟾屬 Dendrophryniscus Jiménez de la Espada, 1871
  • 碩足蛙屬 Didynamipus Andersson, 1903
  • 頭棱蟾屬 Duttaphrynus
  • Frostius Cannatella, 1986
    • Frostius erythrophthalmus Pimenta & Caramaschi, 2007
    • Frostius pernambucensis (Bokermann, 1962)
  • 棱頂蟾屬 Ingerophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan et al., 2006
  • Kenyaphrynoides Liedtke, Malonza, Wasonga, Müller & Loader, 2023
    • Kenyaphrynoides vulcani Liedtke, Malonza, Wasonga, Müller & Loader, 2023[4]
  • 勞蟾屬 Laurentophryne Tihen, 1960
  • 平滑蟾屬 Leptophryne Fitzinger, 1843
  • 黑昧蟾屬 Melanophryniscus Gallardo, 1961
  • 默蟾屬 Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960
  • Metaphryniscus Señaris, Ayarzagüena and Gorzula, 1994
    • Metaphryniscus sosai Señaris, Ayarzagüena & Gorzula, 1994
  • 游蟾屬 Nectophryne Buchholz and Peters in Peters, 1875
  • 胎生蟾屬 Nectophrynoides Noble, 1926
  • 賴比瑞亞胎生蟾蜍屬 Nimbaphrynoides Dubois, 1987
  • 對趾蟾屬 Oreophrynella Boulenger, 1895
  • 奧索蟾屬 Osornophryne Ruiz-Carranza and Hernández-Camacho, 1976
  • 小蟾屬 Parapelophryne Fei, Ye and Jiang, 2003
  • 漿蟾屬 Pedostibes Günther, 1876
    • Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876[5]
  • 厚蹼蟾屬 Pelophryne Barbour, 1938
  • Poyntonophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan et al., 2006
    • Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)
    • Poyntonophrynus damaranus (Mertens, 1954)
    • Poyntonophrynus dombensis (Bocage, 1895)
    • Poyntonophrynus fernandae Baptista, Vaz Pinto, Keates, Lobón-Rovira, Edwards & Rödel, 2023[6]
    • Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti (Hewitt & Methuen, 1912)
    • Poyntonophrynus grandisonae (Poynton & Haacke, 1993)
    • Poyntonophrynus hoeschi (Ahl, 1934)
    • Poyntonophrynus kavangensis (Poynton & Broadley, 1988)
    • Poyntonophrynus lughensis (Loveridge, 1932)
    • Poyntonophrynus pachnodes Ceríaco, Marques, Bandeira, Agarwal, Stanley, Bauer, Heinicke & Blackburn, 2018
    • Poyntonophrynus parkeri (Loveridge, 1932)
    • Poyntonophrynus vertebralis (Smith, 1848)
  • 水蟾屬 Pseudobufo Tschudi, 1838
  • Rhaebo Cope, 1862
    • Rhaebo andinophrynoides Mueses-Cisneros, 2009[7]
    • Rhaebo atelopoides (Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1981)
    • Rhaebo blombergi (Myers & Funkhouser, 1951)
    • Rhaebo caeruleostictus (Günther, 1859)
    • Rhaebo colomai (Hoogmoed, 1985)
    • Rhaebo ecuadorensis Mueses-Cisneros, Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2012[8]
    • Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günther, 1869)[8]
    • Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)[9][8]
    • Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope, 1862)[7]
    • Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger, 1913)[7]
    • Rhaebo lynchi Mueses-Cisneros, 2007[10]
    • Rhaebo nasicus (Werner, 1903)
    • Rhaebo olallai (Hoogmoed, 1985)
  • 鉤吻蟾屬 Rhamphophryne Trueb, 1971
  • 思齊蟾屬 Schismaderma Smith, 1849
  • 衣索比亞胎生蟾蜍屬 Spinophrynoides Dubois, 1987
  • Stephopaedes Channing, 1979
  • 花蟾屬 Strauchbufo
  • Truebella Graybeal and Cannatella, 1995
  • 前舌蟾屬 Werneria Poche, 1903
  • 沃蟾屬 Wolterstorffina Mertens, 1939

參考

  1. ^ Ryan L. Lynch, Sebastian Kohn, Fernando Ayala-Varela, Paul S. Hamilton, and Santiago R. Ron. 2014. Rediscovery of Andinophryne olallai Hoogmoed, 1985 (Anura, Bufonidae), an enigmatic and endangered Andean toad. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation. 8(1) [Special Section]: 1–7 (e75). doi: dx.doi.org/10.1514/journal.arc.0000075
  2. ^ Naveen R.S., Tapley B., Chandramouli S.R., Jervis P.A., Babu S., Meetei A.B. and Karunakaran P.V. 2023. A New Species of Bufoides Pillai & Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the Delimitation of the Distribution Range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). BIODIVERSITAS. 24(9); 4617-4627.
  3. ^ A. Channing, G.J. Measey, A.L. de Villiers, A.A. Turner and, K.A. Tolley. 2017. Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei Group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa. Zootaxa. 4232(2); 282–292. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11
  4. ^ H Christoph Liedtke, Patrick K Malonza, Domnick V Wasonga, Hendrik Müller and Simon P Loader. 2023. A New Genus and Species of Toad from Mount Kenya illuminates East African Montane Biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlad160. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad160
  5. ^ S.R. Chandramouli and A.A. Thasun Amarasinghe. 2016. Taxonomic Reassessment of the Arboreal Toad Genus Pedostibes Günther 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae) and Some Allied Oriental Bufonid Genera. Herpetologica. 72(2): 137-147. DOI 10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-15-00053
  6. ^ Ninda L. Baptista, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Chad Keates, Javier Lobón-Rovira, Shelley Edwards and Mark-Oliver Rödel. 2023. Two New Poyntonophrynus Species (Anura: Bufonidae) highlight the importance of Angolan Centers of Endemism. Vertebrate Zoology. 73: 991-1031. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e103935
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J.J. 2008. Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope 1862): un complejo de especies. Con redescripción de Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger 1913) y descripción de una nueva especie. Herpetotropicos. 5: 29-47.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Mueses-Cisneros, J.J., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., McDiarmid, R.W. 2012. A new Amazonian species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günrhwe, 1869) and Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799). Zootaxa. 3447:22-40.
  9. ^ 2011. The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the paratoid macroglands. Amphibia-Reptilia. 32 (2011): 546-549
  10. ^ Mueses-Cisneros, A.A. 2007. A new species of Rhaebo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Zootaxa. 1662:53-59.
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